Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing effectively fruit, fruit juice and alcoholic beverage containing a higher concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a relatively simple operation. A fruit of increased gamma-aminobutyric acid content is manufactured by conducting once, or repeatedly conducting two or more times, an operation comprising anaerobic processing followed by aerobic processing of starting material fruit; and further anaerobically processing said fruit to obtain fruit of greater gamma-aminobutyric acid content than the starting material fruit. A fruit juice and an alcoholic beverage are manufactured with the fruit of increased gamma-aminobutyric acid content.

Abstract: To provide a illuminating device that is of small size, light weight and that has lower production costs for illuminating a reflective type liquid crystal display device that performs high contrast, moreover high definition and high-quality image display, thereby enabling realization of an image display that is of small size and light weight and that can be produced at low-cost. The display device comprises a light source 5 disposed in a lateral position in relation to the image display surface 3 of the reflective type liquid crystal display device 2, that emits linearly polarized light, and a plurality of reflecting members 6 disposed to the front of the image display surface 3 and separated from the image display surface 3, that reflect light emitted from the light source 5 and inject this light substantially perpendicularly in relation to the image display surface 3.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a driver substrate having a pixel area with pixel electrodes and drive circuits each driving the corresponding pixel electrode arranged in a matrix in the pixel area and a transparent substrate having an opposing electrode. The driver substrate and the transparent substrate face each other with a liquid crystal filled between the pixel electrodes and the opposing electrode. A dielectric material is provided in a gap between each pair of two adjacent pixel electrodes, with 0.2 ? or lower (? being a wavelength of reading light to be used) in phase difference of a step created on the dielectric material provided in the gap with respect to each pixel electrode. A first dielectric film and a second dielectric film are laminated in order in the pixel area. The second dielectric film exhibits a higher refractive index than the first dielectric film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal displaying apparatus has a reflection-type liquid crystal display with vertical orientation-mode liquid crystals, to modulate linearly polarized light. Also provided is a polarization and diffracting section to convert read light beams obliquely incident thereto to the linearly polarized light, to allow the linearly polarized light to be incident to the liquid crystal display, allow first polarized light components of the linearly polarized light modulated by the liquid crystal display to pass therethrough, the first polarized light components vibrating in a first direction perpendicular to a second direction in which the linearly polarized light vibrates, and diffract second polarized light components of the linearly polarized light to a third direction from which the read light beams be incident to the liquid crystal display, the second polarized light components vibrating in the second direction.

Abstract: A spatial light modulation device, in which at least a photoconductor structure and a light modulator have a multilayer structure. In this spatial light modulation device, the photoconductor structure has a plurality of pixel portions and avalanche multiplication of charges generated by light incident on each of the pixel portions is performed therein and charges obtained as a result of the avalanche multiplication are stored in the pixel portions. Thus, this spatial light modulation device has high sensibility.

Abstract: A spacial light modulation device is composed of a photoconductive layer, a pixel electrode layer, a dielectric reflection layer, and a liquid crystal layer all laminated in sequence between first and second drive electrode layers. The pixel electrode layer includes a plurality of pixel electrodes partitioned by an insulating substance layer and arranged at predetermined intervals. In particular, to obtain higher contrast and higher resolution of the modulated and reflected light by the device, the surface area of each of the pixel electrodes formed on the photoconductive layer side is determined smaller than that formed on the dielectric reflection layer side. That is, in the pixel electrode layer, a plurality of square-shaped pixel electrodes are arranged into a matrix pattern at predetermined intervals. Each of the square-shaped pixel electrode is composed of a Schottky contact portion in contact with the photoconductive layer and a pixel composing portion in contact with the dielectric reflection layer.

Abstract: There is provided an optical pickup which emits a reading light to an optical disc having a pit in which information is stored and reads the information by means of the 0th order reflected light reflected from the pit and the diffracted light generated on the pit by diffraction effect. The optical pickup comprises a semiconductor laser for generating the reading light, a first photodiode for generatign a first electric signal corresponding to the intensity of the 0th order reflected light incident thereto, a second photodiode for generating a second electric signal corresponding to the intensity of the diffracted light incident thereto, a light focusing and guiding device for focusing the reading light to the pit and guiding the 0th order reflected light to the first photodiode, a light guiding device for guiding the diffracted light to the second photodiode and an operation device for generating an output signal by taking difference between the first and the second electric signals.