Abstract: A game cassette unit which can be connected to a game machine having a CPU for execution of a game selected by a user, including a memory which rewritably stores a plurality of game machine programs and a game selection program that allows a user to select a desired one of these programs. The memory further rewritably stores decode data defining address conversion rules for executing respective of the programs. A decode part executes address conversion based on decode data corresponding to the game selection program after start of power. After the user selects one of the game machine programs, the decode part executes address conversion based on the decode data corresponding to a selected game machine program. Thus, the user can select a desired one from the plurality of game machine programs. As a result, game software is provided to the user at low cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a game program rewrite system for supplying data of a game program of a plurality of terminal stations from a host station and writing the data in portable information storage media applied to game execution units in the terminal stations in response to requests, and a program rewrite system suitable for this game program supply system, and aims at enabling construction of a game-on-demand system including a number of terminal stations with no excess of requirement to equipment of a network or the data throughput of the host station. In order to attain the above object, a host station (1) supplies data of a game program to a terminal station (2) online through a communication network. The data of the game program is supplied to the terminal station (2) offline too. The data of the game program preserved in the terminal station (2) is written in a game execution storage medium (20) in response to a request of a user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a game program rewrite system for supplying data of a game program of a plurality of terminal stations from a host station and writing the data in portable information storage media applied to game execution units in the terminal stations in response to requests, and a program rewrite system suitable for this game program supply system, and aims at enabling construction of a game-on-demand system including a number of terminal stations with no excess of requirement to equipment of a network or the data throughput of the host station.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a quadratic differential values is first calculated, based on differences in the density data between an object pixel and respective peripheral pixels around the object pixel. The square value SS of the quadratic differential value S and the sum .SIGMA.SS obtained by adding up the square values SS of quadratic differential values for continuous five pixels are employed as determination values (step n1). The square sum .SIGMA.SS is compared with respective threshold values a, b and d, and the square value SS is compared with respective threshold values c, e and f (steps n2 to n6 and n8). Based on these comparison results, it is judged which image area among a character image area, gray-scale image area and dotted image area the object pixel belongs to.

Abstract: Before actually reading a document image, white reference data corresponding to a pure white document image is found in an AGC processing unit 32, and is set in a register 32a. In a CPU 33, data corresponding to the white reference data set in the register 32a is produced. The produced data is set in a register 32b. The set data is applied to a D/A converting unit 34, where the data is converted into analog data, after which the analog data is applied as a low reference voltage V.sub.ref L to an A/D converting unit 31. As a result, the maximum amplitude range of the analog image data becomes approximately the same as the input voltage range. Accordingly, AGC processing can be realized in a digital manner, thereby to make it possible to simplify the circuit arrangement, as compared with the conventional circuit arrangement, and to easily make fine adjustment.

Abstract: An image data processing apparatus for performing processing using data corresponding to a plurality of lines which correspond to a plurality of scanning lines at the time of reading an image. For example, when processing is performed using data corresponding to three lines, that is, the present line, a line one ahead of the present line and a line two lines ahead of the present line, a line memory having a capacity of two lines is used. When the data corresponding to the line two lines ahead of the present line are read out from the memory, the data corresponding to the present line are written to storage locations from which the data have been read out. Consequently, it is possible to perform processing using data corresponding to three lines using a line memory having a capacity for two lines.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus capable of correcting a threshold value for a white reference value and a white reference value correcting value if a white reference plate becomes dirty to calculate a white reference value corresponding to the dirt of the white reference plate and consequently, capable of making good shading correction using the white reference value. If the density value of any one of pixels of line data is higher than a threshold value WMAX1, the threshold value WMAX1 is made high, and a white reference value correcting value WDN is made high. As a result, even if the white reference value is corrected when the white reference plate becomes dirty as a whole, only a value obtained by the correction is not extremely low because the white reference value correcting value is high, thereby to make it possible to obtain a suitable white reference value.

Abstract: Data ID obtained by making analog-to-digital conversion of an output of an image sensor or the like is subjected to shading correction, to obtain correction data SOUT. The correction data SOUT is found by the following equation using white reference data WST and black reference data BST: ##EQU1## where K is a coefficient.

Abstract: Partial images each constituting a predetermined matrix are sequentially taken out, and density data corresponding to pixels constituting the matrix are subjected to correction. The correction of the density data is so made as to respectively add density correcting values predetermined to correspond to pixel positions in the matrix to the density data. Consequently, the density data corresponding to the pixels constituting the matrix are considerably varied. Therefore, in a binary image obtained by subjecting the partial image constituting the matrix to halftone processing, the density of a document image is sufficiently reproduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a half-tone image processing method utilizing an error diffusion technique which allows for the density adjustment of a half-tone image to be reproduced. When the density of an object pixel is converted into binary-coded data, a binary-coding object value is first calculated by adding a density value of the object pixel to an error sum of binary-coding errors distributed to the object pixel from peripheral pixels around the object pixel. Then, the binary-coding object value is compared with a threshold value TH for judging whether the object pixel is a black pixel or a white pixel. The binary-coding object value is also compared with a reference value GSLVB or GSLVW which can be variably set for the calculation of a binary-coding error HG of the object pixel. The level of the binary-coding error HG can be adjusted by variably setting the reference values GSLVB and GSLVW. Thus, the density adjustment of a half-tone image can be realized.

Abstract: A motor control device carries cut feedback control of a motor such that the rotational speed of the motor is equal to the command speed. A control voltage is first calculated as the sum of a first constant times the difference between the command speed and the actual rotational speed, a second constant times the actual rotational speed and a predetermined offset value. The calculated control voltage is corrected on the basis of the phase difference between the command speed and the actual rotational speed and a voltage after the correction is outputted as a motor control voltage. The rotational speed of the motor can be caused to rapidly follow the target speed by adjusting the first and second constants and the offset value whether the command speed is relatively low or high, thereby to make it possible to control the motor at a constant speed.

Abstract: An error detecting unit for a rotational detector which outputs two kinds of pulse signals whose frequency according to rotation is equal and whose phase is different including counters for detecting whether or not either a rising or a falling edge of the two kinds of pulse signals appears alternately so as to detect an error of the corresponding rotational detector.

Abstract: A device for controlling the rotational speed of a motor carries out feedback control by a speed difference control signal and a phase difference control signal. A first time period from a reference time point to a time when a newest detection pulse is outputted is calculated every time a predetermined number of detection pulses are counted by detection pulse counters. A second time period from the reference time point to the time when a command pulse, which is assigned an ordinal number equal to the ordinal number of the newest detection pulse and which thereby corresponds to the newest detection pulse, is calculated on the basis of the total number of pulses counted by the detection pulse counters in the time period from the reference time point to the time when the newest detection pulse is outputted, and the period of the command pulse.

Abstract: A mobile member control apparatus is provided having a motor for moving a mobile member from a first position to a third position through a second position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable optical system for reading an original image, a motor for driving the optical system, a motor driving circuit, an encoder which outputs signals responsive to velocities of the motor, a control circut which controls the motor driving circuit such that the optical system starts from a home position and turns at a predetermined point to return again to the home position, and applies braking to the motor when the optical system is stopped at the home position, and a microcomputer for deciding timing to apply braking in response to an output of the encoder. By deciding brake timing in response to the output of the encoder, the optical system can be stopped accurately at the home position even when a moving load is abnormally increased due to stains on component members forming a running path for the optical system, or due to replacement of the optical system.

Abstract: A display device for a copying machine, wherein when a special mode such as copying with reduction and duplex copying (copying on both surfaces of a copying paper) is selected, it is judged whether the paper feed cassette set for copying is proper for the mode selected and if so, the paper feed cassette set for copying is displayed, while if not, the applicable paper feed cassettes are displayed successively, and furthermore, the paper size stacked in the paper feed cassette is displayed regardless of whether it is in the metric size system or the inch size system.

Abstract: A photoconductive drum device for electrostatic copying machines or the like includes a temperature maintaining heater bent to a cylindrical form and accommodated in the main body of a photoconductive drum. The heater is constructed with a base plate and a heat generator attached to the base plate. The base plate has a parallelogrammatic form substantially corresponding to a shape which is obtained by cutting a hollow cylinder, having a diameter approximate to the inside diameter of the drum main body, along a helical cut line and unbending the cylinder.