Abstract: To provide a novel immobilized product in which a carbon material and/or a silicon material is/are immobilized on a base material surface by a chemical bond via a linking group, and a method for producing the same. The immobilized product is an immobilized product in which a carbon material is immobilizing on a surface of a base material, wherein the carbon material is chemically bonded on the surface of the base material via a linking group, and the linking group is at least one selected from the group consisting of a —NH group, a —NH—R1—NH group, a —SO group, a R2 group, a —O—R3—O group, and a R4 group (in which the R1 to R4 each independently represent at least one selected from the group consisting of a chain alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, a chain alkenyl group, a cyclic alkenyl group, a chain alkynyl group, etc.).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a packaging bag capable of being realized only by a rather simple processing and opened easily by hand without deteriorating the sealing strength of the packaging bag and the strength of the packaging bag itself and without suffering from the possibility of peeling-off of the sealed portion during a distribution stage. The present invention relates to a packaging bag formed by adhering two sheets of front and rear side films mutually at peripheral parts to seal an inside thereof, wherein the front side film has, in one direction, linearly cuttable property that is larger than linearly cuttable property in any direction of the rear side film, and a processed portion capable of starting cutting of the front side film along the one direction is provided at a part of the peripheral parts that intersects with the one direction.

Abstract: A film for a multiple bag which film is a multiple film comprising at least two sheets of film put one on another and having scattered along its both-side edge portions spot-fused portions by which the at least two sheets of film is partially united.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a developing unit which develops an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrostatic latent image holding body.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided with a developing unit for making a visible image out of an electrostatic latent image with use of developer. The apparatus has a determination unit for making a determination as to whether the developer is stored or not in the developing unit, a supply unit for supplying the developer from a bottle detachably provided to body of the apparatus to the developing unit, and a control unit for actuating supply operation by the supply unit when it is determined by the determination unit that no developer is stored in the developing unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having replaceable or exhaustible component parts is provided with a security system to determine the authenticity and remaining service life of the component parts. The component part can be provided with an identifiable code, for example, stored in a RAM that can be checked with predetermined identification codes in a computer system in the image forming apparatus. Verification of the authenticity of the replaceable component part can govern the operation of the copying apparatus. The component part, for example, can be provided with a manufacturer code and a confidential identity code. This manufacturer code can be compared with the stored manufacturer code, and a determination can be made as to whether the product is authentic and the remaining useful life of the product. If the product is not authentic, the copying apparatus can be disabled. Also, if the product has been rebuilt or has come to the end of its useful life, the copying apparatus can be disabled.

Abstract: A high Young's modulus poly-p-phenylene-terephthalamide fiber having a unique fine-structure and excellent properties, including excellent resistance to lateral stress and to friction. The fiber is made by extruding an anisotropic dope in a non-coagulating layer, passing the extrudate through a coagulating layer, washing and drying the resulting coagulated fibers in the absence of substantial tension, and heating the fibers under tension.

Abstract: A poly-p-phenylene-terephthalamide fiber with excellent fatigue resistance resulting from a unique combination of properties. The fibers are prepared by extruding an anisotropic polymer dope in a non-coagulating layer, passing the extrudate through a coagulating layer, depositing the resulting coagulated fibers on a net conveyor, and in the absence of substantial tension sequentially washing the fibers, holding the fibers in saturated steam, and drying the fibers under specified conditions.

Abstract: A high Young's modulus poly-p-phenylene-terephthalamide fiber having a unique fine-structure and excellent properties, including excellent resistance to lateral stress and to friction. The fiber is made by extruding an anisotropic dope in a non-coagulating layer, passing the extrudate through a coagulating layer, washing and drying the resulting coagulated fibers in the absence of substantial tension, and heating the fibers under tension.

Abstract: A poly-p-phenylene-terephthalamide fiber with excellent fatigue resistance resulting from a unique combination of properties. The fibers are prepared by extruding an anisotropic polymer dope in a non-coagulating layer, passing the extrudate through a coagulating layer, depositing the resulting coagulated fibers on a net conveyor, and in the absence of substantial tension sequentially washing the fibers, holding the fibers in saturated steam, and drying the fibers under specified conditions.

Abstract: There is provided a shaping composite dope composition comprising a cellulose derivative, an acrylonitrile polymer and a solvent capable of substantially dissolving these polymeric materials simultaneously therein, and exhibiting flow birefringence or optical anisotropy. A composite fiber made from the dope has a strucute such that the cellulose derivative is present in the form of a dispersed phase of fine fibers in a matrix of the acrylonitrile polymer, the crystalline orientation angle of the acrylonitrile polymer phase is 18.degree. to 63.degree. as measured by wide angle X-ray diffractiometry, and the ratio of the crystalline orientation angle of the cellulose derivative phase to the crystalline orientation angle of the acrylonitrile polymer phase satisfies a specified requirement. The composite fiber is excellent in the thermal dimensional stability and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and tensile elongation and loop strength and loop elongation.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing fibers by a wet spinning procedure from an anisotropic dope of a polymer having aromatic mononucleus or polynucleus divalent radicals in which the chain extending bonds from each aromatic nucleus are coaxial or parallel and oppositely directed and which are connected by at least one link selected from --NHCO--, --NHCOCONH-- and --CONHNHCO-- is provided. The filaments taken out from a coagulation bath are, without applying any substantial tension thereto, washed with water, dried and optionally heat-treated, on a conveyor. The resulting fibers possess moderate initial modulus and elongation as well as high tenacity.