Abstract: A tilting apparatus is provided which can make a moving section perform a tilting operation with stability or in which a moving section can exercise its functionality as expected, and an electronic apparatus equipped with the tilting apparatus is provided. In a tilting apparatus, with first and second tilting operations, one side of a first panel holder is angularly displaced with respect to the other side from a reference position. This can prevent the first panel holder from making any extra operation other than the first and second tilting operations with respect to a device body. Unlike any existing technology, in the invention, even when the first and second tilting operations are put into action, a first chassis is not displaced against the device body unless it is desired, e.g., displaced along front, and juts from the device body, thereby favorably leading to the operation with stability.

Abstract: A developing roller, having a surface layer composed of; a binder resin having an SP value in the range of 7.5 to 9.0; and roughness-imparting particles made from a resin having an SP value that has a difference from the SP value of said resin of 2 or less in the absolute value thereof, the roughness-imparting particles being dispersed in the binder resin, a developing device provided with the developing roller and an image-forming apparatus provided with such a developing device, a developing device provided with the developing roller, and an image-forming apparatus provided with the developing device equipped with the developing roller.

Abstract: The heat sink is provided perpendicularly to a bottom of a case of an on-board information device as the electronic device and adjacent to a right side plate of the case having windows 104 and 105. The heat sink includes grooves each vertically extending from the first to the third heat generating elements at a lower portion upward, and the through holes formed at positions corresponding to the windows of the right side plate of the case and at the upper portion of the heat sink along the grooves.

Abstract: A developing device has a developer bearing member, a housing adapted to accommodate a developer, and a supply roller adapted to supply the developer within the housing for the developer bearing member. The supply roller has an outer circumferencial foam layer made of resin or rubber. The foam layer has an air permeability of 150-200 ml/cm2/s, a hardness of 50-200 N, and an average cell density of 20-40 per 25 mm width.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an electrostatic latent image bearing member capable of bearing an electrostatic latent image thereon, and a developer apparatus having a developer material for visualizing the electrostatic latent image into a visualized image. The developer apparatus includes a developer material bearing member, a housing adapted to accommodate a developer material, and a supply roller adapted to supply the developer material within the housing for the developer material bearing member. The supply roller has an outer circumferencial foam layer. The foam layer is made of resin foam or rubber foam and has an air permeability of 5 ml/cm2/s or less, a density of 50-200 kg/m3, and a hysteresis loss ratio of 35-45 %.

Abstract: A developing roller for use in an image-forming apparatus includes a substrate, a silicone-based elastic layer formed on the substrate, and a surface-coating layer formed at the outermost surface. The surface-coating layer has a thickness of not less than 3.5 ?m with an amount of detection of silicon-atom-containing substances on the surface of the developing roller being set to not more than 2.5, and a developing device equipped with the developing roller.

Abstract: A developing roller for use in an image-forming apparatus, the roller including: a substrate; an elastic layer formed on the substrate; a primer layer formed on the elastic layer; and a surface-coating layer formed at the outermost surface, wherein the primer layer includes a conductive substance. A developing device is equipped with the developing roller.

Abstract: A tilting apparatus is provided which can make a moving section perform a tilting operation with stability or in which a moving section can exercise its functionality as expected, and an electronic apparatus equipped with the tilting apparatus is provided. In a tilting apparatus, with first and second tilting operations, one side of a first panel holder is angularly displaced with respect to the other side from a reference position. This can prevent the first panel holder from making any extra operation other than the first and second tilting operations with respect to a device body. Unlike any existing technology, in the invention, even when the first and second tilting operations are put into action, a first chassis is not displaced against the device body unless it is desired, e.g., displaced along front, and juts from the device body, thereby favorably leading to the operation with stability.

Abstract: A developing roller for use in an image-forming apparatus, comprising: a substrate; an elastic layer formed on the substrate; a primer layer formed on the elastic layer; and a surface-coating layer formed at the outermost surface, wherein the primer layer comprises a conductive substance, and a developing device equipped with the developing roller.

Abstract: A developing roller for use in an image-forming apparatus, comprising: a substrate; a silicone-based elastic layer formed on the substrate; and surface-coating layer formed at the outermost surface; wherein the surface-coating layer has a thickness of not less than 3.5 ?m with an amount of detection of silicon-atom-containing substances on the surface of the developing roller being set to not more than 2.5, and a developing device equipped with the developing roller.

Abstract: The present invention provide a toner comprising: a coloring agent; a binder resin comprising a first binder resin and a second binder resin, the first binder resin being composed of a linear polyester resin having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 2,500 to 7,000, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of from 8,000 to 25,000, and a Mw/Mn ratio of 2 to 4, the second binder resin being composed of a non-linear polyester resin having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 3,500 to 11,000, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of from 40,000 to 250,000, and a Mw/Mn ratio of 10 to 35, and a ratio of the first binder resin to the second binder resin (the first binder resin:the second binder resin) being 15:85 to 85:15 by weight, a first releasing agent having a softening point of 55 to 110° C., and a second releasing agent having a softening point of 110 to 160° C.

Abstract: The present invention provide a toner comprising: a coloring agent; a binder resin comprising a first binder resin and a second binder resin, the first binder resin being composed of a linear polyester resin having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 2,800 to 7,000, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of from 8,900 to 21,000, and a Mw/Mn ratio of 2 to 4, the second binder resin being composed of a non-linear polyester resin having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 3,500 to 8,000, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of from 40,000 to 120,000, and a Mw/Mn ratio of 10 to 20, and a ratio of the first binder resin to the second binder resin (the first binder resin:the second binder resin) being 60:40 to 95:5 by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner that contains at least a binder resin and a colorant, characterized in that the toner has a temperature range of 90 to 110° C. at 2×103 (Pa) of a storage elastic modulus (G′) under 0.1 (Hz) of a frequency.

Abstract: A toner is provided for developing an electrostatic image which has relatively high roundness, uniform shape, excellent property of electrification, electrification stability, maintenance of heat resistance, fixability, image quality and productivity, and is effective for full-color image formation, cleanerless system and toner-recycling system. The toner comprises toner particles containing a binder resin (A), a polymer (B) and a colorant, the polymer (B) having weight-average molecular weight of 1000-3000 and a ratio of weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight of not more than 2.0, wherein the polymer (B) particles exist on surfaces of the toner particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for developing an electrostatic image which has relatively high roundness and uniform shape as well as excellent rising property of electrification, electrification stability, maintenance of heat resistance, fixability, image quality and productivity, said toner being effective for full-color image formation, cleanerless system and toner-recycling system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive agent for toner, comprising: inorganic particles; a first fatty-acid metal salt existing on the surface of the inorganic particles, the first fatty acid metal salt having a metal that is an alkali metal; and a second fatty-acid metal salt existing on the surface of the inorganic particles, the second fatty-acid metal salt having a metal other than an alkali metal, a ratio of the first fatty-acid metal salt to the second fatty-acid metal salt being set in a range of 0.01 to 0.5% by weight; and a toner containing toner particles and the additive agent.

Abstract: A developer for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising: toner particles comprising a colorant and a binder resin, said toner particles having a volume-average particle size of 5 to 10 &mgr;m; a first exterior additive comprising hydrophobic titanium oxide powder or hydrophobic aluminum oxide powder; and a second exterior additive comprising a silica powder; said developer satisfying following relationships: S1>S2 400<{square root over ((S12+L +S22+L ))}≦1300. wherein S1 (m2) denotes total specific surface area of the first additive per 1 kg of the toner and S2 (m2) denotes that of the second additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image which suppresses an adhesion and wearability on a surface of a photosensitive member and exhibits an excellent rising property of an electrification. The toner comprises (i) toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, (ii) a first external additive consisting of first inorganic particles whose number-average particle size is 5-40 nm, (iii) a second external additive consisting of second inorganic particles whose number-average particle size, which is larger than that of the first external additive, is 20-160 nm, (iv) a third external additive consisting of third inorganic particles whose number-average particle size, which is larger than that of the second external additive, is 80-1200 nm, and (v) a fourth external additive consisting of a metal salt of fatty acid whose volume-average particle size is 1.5-12 &mgr;m, said four external additives being externally added to the toner particles.

Abstract: The toner composition comprises an aliphatic higher alcohol (1) or a higher fatty acid (2): H&Parenopenst;CH2&Parenclosest;nOH (n: an integer)  (1) H&Parenopenst;CH2&Parenclosest;mCOOH (m: an integer)  (2) wherein number-average carbon atom numbers of the aliphatic higher alcohol or higher fatty acid ore 21-29, contents of the ingredients having carbon atom numbers of not more than 20 are not more than 2% by weight, and contents of the ingredients having carbon atom numbers of not less than 30 are not more than 2% by weight.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heat exchanger tube for conducting refigerant in a heat exchanger. The inner surface of the tube has a convex portion having a broad tip and a plurality of inner fins. The area of the tip of the convex portion is larger than that of the tip of the inner fins. The height of the convex portion can be set at more than that of the inner fin. A heat exchanger according to the invention has a plurality of plate fins, each having a hole therein. Heat exchanger tubes pass through the holes of the plate fins. A method of manufacturing a heat exchanger comprises the steps of stacking a plurality of plate fins, each having a hole, with a predetermined space therebetween. Heat exchanger tubes are inserted through the holes. Then, the tubes are expanded to engage the plate fins. A refrigerating circuit utilizing a heat exchanger is also described.