Abstract: In manufacturing a chip-scale package, a plurality of pads is formed in predetermined positions on an active face of an IC wafer, and projected electrodes are formed on the pads. Then, a groove is formed on the active face of the IC wafer along a line that the IC wafer is divided into individual pieces, and a protective resin is applied on the active face of the IC wafer including the groove. Thereafter, an adhesive member is applied on the active face on which the protective resin is applied, and an inactive face of the IC wafer which is fixed by the adhesive member is ground until the protective resin in the groove appears at the inactive face of the IC wafer. Then, the adhesive member applied to the active face is removed, and an adhesive member is applied to a ground face of the IC wafer, which has been ground in the grinding step.

Abstract: In an IC card in which an IC module constituted by a terminal plate 1 having a connection terminal pattern(3), arranged on a surface of an insulating substrate (2), for external power supply, signal connection, and grounding, an IC chip (4) mounted on the rear surface of the terminal plate 1 and electrically coupled to the connection terminal pattern (3), a sealing member (5) for the IC chip, and a reinforcing member (6) for reinforcing the sealing member (5) is mounted on a card base, the reinforcing member (6) consists of a conduction material, and integrally constituted by a ring portion (7) for covering the outer periphery of the sealing member (5) and a flange portion (8), having almost the same shape as that of the outer periphery of the terminal plate (1), for covering the rear surface of the insulating substrate (2).

Abstract: A bump is formed on a semiconductor wafer which has a pad electrode thereon. The method includes the steps for coating a first organic film on a semiconductor water; drying the first organic film; applying an excimer laser to a portion of the first organic film substantially corresponding to the pad electrode to thereby form a first opening in the organic film; forming at least one metallic film on the first organic film and the opening; coating a second organic film on the metallic film; drying the second organic film; applying an excimer laser to a portion of the second organic film substantially corresponding to the first opening to thereby form a second opening in the second organic film; and providing and melting solder at the second opening to form a solder bump. Since the openings of the organic films are formed by the excimer laser, the openings can be formed in a short time with high accuracy. Thus, the bump with high quality can be formed at a low cost.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical material having a high nonlinear optical constant useful for frequency doubler of laser beam which comprises a chiral smectic C liquid crystalline polyester consisting essentially of the structural units having the general formulae (A), (B) and (C); ##STR1## Wherein X is a structural unit selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Wherein Y is a group having at least one optically active carbon and the total carbon number of Y is 3-12. ##STR3## wherein n is an integer of 2-10.

Abstract: A rewritable or repeatedly employable recording medium having a base and a recording layer film provided on said base, characterized in that said recording layer film is formed by a thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystal polyester.

Abstract: An optical filter consisting essentially of a glutamate copolymer having thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystal properties and represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an arylalkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an arylalkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different from each other; m and n are numbers satisfying the following relationships 50.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.2000 and m/n=80 to 10/20 to 90.

Abstract: A process for producing oxazolone derivatives, usable as important starting materials for medicines and pesticides, of the following general formula (III) by reacting a compound of the general formula (I) with a compound of the general formula (II) in the presence of an aliphatic tertiary amine: ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon residue, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an organic residue, R.sup.5 represents a hydrocarbon residue and X represents a halogen atom.

Abstract: A rewritable or repeatedly employable recording medium having a base and a recording layer film provided on said base, characterized in that said recording layer film is formed by a thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystal polyester.

Abstract: A random copolymer comprises recurring units each having the formula of; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 stand for a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group with or without R.sup.5 being bonded to R.sup.6 or R.sup.10 via an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The random copolymer contains 50 to 90 mol % of ethylene. The random copolymer has an intrinsic viscosity [.eta.] of 0.3 to 10 dl/g measured in Decalin.RTM., i.e., decahydronphthalene at 30.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for preparing a norbornene structure compound comprises hydrogenating a compound represented by the formula of ##STR1## wherein l, m and n are integers of 0.ltoreq.l.ltoreq.3, 0.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.8 and 1.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.3, respectively, and each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 3 carbon atoms with or without R.sup.6 forming a ring with R.sup.4 or R.sup.5, in the presence of a Ziegler type catalyst containing in combination a compound of a transition metal of Groups IV to VI of the periodic table and an organometallic compound of Groups I to III of the periodic table, to thereby convert the compound of the formula (1) into a compound represented by the following formula of ##STR2## wherein l, m and n are the same as above.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal polyester comprising the following structural units (A), (B) and (C): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 represent each independently a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, of which one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms, alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that at least 60 mol % of Ar.sup.1 in the polymer is constituted by at least one group selected from 1,4-phenyl group, 2,6-naphthyl group and 4,4'-biphenyl group.

Abstract: A recording medium having a base and a recording layer provided on said base, said recording layer consisting essentially of a thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystalline glutamate copolymer represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl group having not more than 10 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, provided R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not the same, and m and n are in the relation of 50.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.2,000, m/n=80.about.10/20.about.90.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-density fuel oil which is suitable for rockets and jet engines and which mainly comprises a tetracyclo (7. 3. 1. O.sup.2,7. 1.sup.7,11) tetradecane derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein each of m and n is 0, 1 or 2, and the sum of m and n is 2 or less.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal polyester consisting essentially of the following structural units (A), (B), (C) and (D): ##STR1##

Abstract: A process for producing a cholesteric liquid crystal polyester film or sheet possessing an ordered planar texture (monodomain structure), which process comprises providing a cholesteric liquid crystal polyester in which 1 to 10 mol % of constituent monomer units are optically active, allowing the cholesteric liquid crystal polyester to be formed in the temperature range of 150.degree. to 350.degree. into a film or sheet having a thickness not larger than 100 .mu.m, and then cooling the film or sheet rapidly.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal polyester consisting essentially of structural units represented by the following formulae (A), (B) and (C): ##STR1## which is optically active; and ##STR2## wherein X is hydrogen, halogen, or alkyl having not more than four carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cholesteric liquid crystal copolyester consisting essentially of structural units represented by the following formula (A), (B), (C) and (D): ##STR1## which is optically active characterized in that a polyethylene terephthalate oligomer having a (B)/(A) mole ratio in the range of 1.1 to 1.8, p-acetoxybenzoic acid and 3-methyladipic acid are reacted to prepare the final cholesteric liquid crystal copolyester having an inherent viscosity of at least 0.4 dl/g.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal polyester consisting essentially of structural units represented by the following formulae (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E): ##STR1## the units (A) and (B) being present each in a proportion of 5 to 50 mol %, the unit (C) present in a proportion of 20 to 80 mol %, and the units (D) and (E) present each in a proportion of 1 to 40 mol %.

Abstract: Speed detectors are provided for detecting speeds of each of the four wheels of a vehicle. An electric circuit is provided to compare the speeds of all wheels and to turn on at least one lamp when a difference between individual wheel speeds is detected, whereby slipping of wheels is indicated.

Abstract: A process for separating porphyrins, which comprises(1) adjusting the pH of the liquid phase of a culture broth containing at least two porphyrins to about 2.5 to about 4 and collecting the resulting solid containing the porphyrins,(2) either (a) preparing an acidic aqueous solution of said solid and adjusting the pH of its liquid phase left after removal of insoluble matter to about 6 to about 8 to form an aqueous solution containing the porphyrins, or (b) preparing an acid-containing lower alcohol solution of said solid, adjusting the pH of its liquid phase left after removal of insoluble matter, adding water in an amount at least twice the amount of the solution to precipitate lower alkyl esters of the porphyrins, collecting the precipitates and dissolving them in an organic solvent to form an organic solvent solution of the porphyrin esters,(3) contacting the solution obtained in (a) or (b) in step (2) with a copolymer having a surface area of at least about 700 m.sup.