Abstract: A composite including an electrolyte layer containing solid oxide, and at least one electrode selected from a cathode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer in a first direction and an anode disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer in the first direction. Either one of two surfaces of the composite located on opposite sides in the first direction satisfies a first requirement that, as viewed in the first direction, a curvature determined on the basis of any three points juxtaposed at intervals of 5 mm is less than 0.0013 (l/mm) and that, as viewed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the curvature is the reciprocal of the radius of an imaginary circle passing through the any three points.

Abstract: A composite including an electrolyte layer containing solid oxide, and at least one electrode selected from a cathode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer in a first direction and an anode disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer in the first direction. Either one of two surfaces of the composite located on opposite sides in the first direction satisfies a first requirement that, as viewed in the first direction, a curvature determined on the basis of any three points juxtaposed at intervals of 5 mm is less than 0.0013 (l/mm) and that, as viewed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the curvature is the reciprocal of the radius of an imaginary circle passing through the any three points.

Abstract: A diplexer provides a high degree of design freedom for satisfying the requirements of electric characteristics so as to realize desired characteristics and at the same time can be downsized and a multiplexer is realized by using such a diplexer. The diplexer includes a filter having a first pass band and a filter having a second pass band with a frequency band at least twice as high as the frequency band of the first pass band, the filter having the first pass band being a filter of the lumped constant type, the filter having the second pass band being a filter of the distributed constant type.

Abstract: It is possible to generate an additionally attenuation pole in a laminate type band pass filter without adding an attenuation circuit and improve the attenuation characteristics of the laminate type band pass filter by independently controlling the frequencies of the attenuation poles. A diplexer is realized by using at least such a filter.

Abstract: It is possible to generate an additionally attenuation pole in a laminate type band pass filter without adding an attenuation circuit and improve the attenuation characteristics of the laminate type band pass filter by independently controlling the frequencies of the attenuation poles. A diplexer is realized by using at least such a filter.

Abstract: A diplexer provides a high degree of design freedom for satisfying the requirements of electric characteristics so as to realize desired characteristics and at the same time can be downsized and a multiplexer is realized by using such a diplexer. The diplexer includes a filter having a first pass band and a filter having a second pass band with a frequency band at least twice as high as the frequency band of the first pass band, the filter having the first pass band being a filter of the lumped constant type, the filter having the second pass band being a filter of the distributed constant type.

Abstract: An electronic system for process instrumentation and control or a power supply system with a high reliability. In a plurality of instrumentation and control systems each including a plurality of measuring instruments and apparatus connected to a common DC power supply, a DC voltage is supplied to the plurality of instruments and apparatus from the DC power supply, through a current limiter and an apparatus having a DC-wise insulating function which are provided for each of the instrumentation and control systems.