Abstract: An optical-disk playback apparatus plays back an optical-disk on which control programs defining the operations of the optical-disk playback apparatus and other information are recorded. Such optical-disk playback apparatus is operable by a combination of an optical-disk, such as a laser disk or CD, and printed materials on which barcodes are printed. Predetermined programs are recorded defining the operation of the optical-disk playback apparatus corresponding to the barcodes. As a result, variable, complex and yet flexible optical-disk playback operations which are not fixed at the initial system designing stage can be accomplished by simply tracing the printed barcode. The operation of the optical-disk playback apparatus is controlled by the control programs recorded in the optical disk. Difficulties which might occur when an optical-disk and barcode of different systems are combined can be prevented since a one-to-one correspondence between the barcode and the optical disk code is established beforehand.

Abstract: Mass data is managed as data files in a mass data storage device. Each data file is formed or plural data blocks. Upon editing of a data file, the data content of each data block forming the file is examined. If the data content of a data block is less than a predetermined value, data from one or more adjacent data blocks is extracted and placed in the one data block so that the data content thereof will be at least the predetermined constant value. In this manner, the data content of blocks forming a file is maintained at or above a predetermined level.

Abstract: An optical-disk playback apparatus is disclosed which plays back an optical-disk on which control programs defining the operations of the optical-disk playback apparatus and other information are recorded. Such optical-disk playback apparatus is operable by a combination of an optical-disk, such as a laser disk or CD, and printed materials on which barcodes are printed. Predetermined programs are recorded defining the operation of the optical-disk playback apparatus corresponding to the barcodes. As a result, variable, complex and yet flexible optical-disk playback operations which are not fixed at the initial system designing stage can be accomplished by simply tracing the printed barcode. The operation of the optical-disk playback apparatus is controlled by the control programs recorded in the optical disk.

Abstract: A signal generator for a color television transmitting system improves the picture quality when color encoded signals are reproduced in the picture displayed by a conventional color television receiver. The system utilizes a primary color level detector, a color-difference level detector, and a luminance signal producer which outputs a luminance signal in response to the difference between the primary color level signal output from the primary color level detector and a color-difference level signal output from the color-difference level detector. The output luminance signal is then utilized in the transmission of a color television signal so that a conventional color television receiver may display a color picture having an improved quality.

Abstract: A color resolution compensator for a color television receiver improves the resolution of a reproduced color picture by mixing a high frequency component of a luminance signal to a color difference signal to generate a signal to be fed to the color demodulators of the television receiver. Various portions of the luminance signal and the color difference signal may be optimally selected in dependence upon various predetermined design parameters.

Abstract: A flesh correction circuit for a color television receiver includes a reference flesh signal generator for generating a signal corresponding to flesh tone, a flesh signal detector for detecting a flesh signal of a carrier chrominance signal, a carrier chrominance signal corrector for correcting the carrier chrominance signal by mixing the carrier chrominance signal and an output signal of the reference flesh signal generator with a mixing ratio controlled by an output signal of the flesh signal detector.

Abstract: A system for improving color picture qualities in which in response to the output signal representative of whether the transient portion of the luminance signal Y and the color difference signal (C-Y), where C is R, G or B, is in the same direction or in the opposite directions, the high-frequency component in the luminance signal is so controlled as to provide the correction signal which serves to improve the contour lines of the images in the reproduced color picture.

Abstract: A color signal controlling apparatus for controlling a color signal in a color television receiver. The apparatus has a color signal modifier for modifying a color signal; and a color signal stabilizer supplied with a color signal from the color signal modifier for detecting a color reference signal in a vertical blanking period and for stabilizing the color signal with reference to the color reference signal. The apparatus further has a switching circuit for supplying a switching signal in the vertical blanking period to the color signal modifier. The switching signal prohibits the color signal modifier from modifying the color reference signal to keep the desired operation of the color signal stabilizer.

Abstract: A chrominance signal controlling apparatus for controlling the chrominance signal in a color television receiver employing a primary color signal demodulator providing red, green and blue primary color signals and not providing color difference signals comprises a luminance signal producing circuit for producing a luminance signal by mixing the three primary color signals, a subtracting circuit for producing a difference signal between one of the primary color signals and the luminance signal, and a comparing circuit for producing a control signal for controlling the chrominance signal level and/or phase by keeping the difference signal equal to a reference level.

Abstract: Circuitry for line recognition of a television signal comprises a serration detector which receives the sync pulse and separates the portion of the serration of the vertical sync pulse; a first counter which is coupled to the serration detector and produces output pulse at specific time interval between two successive output pulses of the serration detector; a circuit which is triggered by the output pulse of the first counter and produces a pulse; a second counter which receives said pulse and the horizontal retrace pulse, counts said horizontal retrace pulse when said pulse has a specific level, becomes quiescent when said pulse has another specific level, and then produces the line identification pulse on the desired horizontal line; a first decoder which is connected to said second counter and produces the reset pulse for resetting said first counter after said first counter completes its desired counting action; and a second decorder which produces the reset pulse for resetting said circuit after said se

Abstract: A color-difference signal modifying apparatus for modifying a color-difference signal in a color television receiver. The apparatus gives to a color-difference signal a non-linear characteristic which approximates a theoretical characteristic for completely eliminating both luminance and chromaticity errors of a reproduced color. The apparatus is constituted by a threshold signal producing means which is supplied with a luminance signal to produce a threshold signal proportional to the luminance signal, and a gain reduction means which is supplied with the color-difference signal to decrease the gain to remove a specific portion of the color-difference signal which exceeds the threshold signal level.

Abstract: A picture quality improving apparatus for a color television receiver in which red, green and blue system nonlinearities n.sub.R, n.sub.G and n.sub.B are similar to each other. The picture quality is improved by so adjusting the values of the three cathode resistances connected to the three cathodes of the picture tube to satisfy the relation n.sub.B >n.sub.G .gtoreq.n.sub.R.