Abstract: A living tissue replacement of crystallized glass having bioaffinity and mechanical strength is briefly obtained simply by pressure molding or machining without using a special equipment. A glass material having a softening point below its crystallization temperature and exhibiting viscous flow at temperatures below its melting point is heated at a temperature above its Tg and pressed at the temperature to mold to a desired shape, thereby manufacturing a living tissue replacement such as a dental crown. Molding can be done under a pressure of up to 20 MPa.

Abstract: A reflective display device includes a panel, a light guide plate and a light source. The panel is provided with a transparent first substrate lying on the side of the external incident light, a second substrate joined to the first substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween and lying on the reflection side, a guest-host liquid crystal layer held in the gap between the substrates, and electrodes provided on each substrate for applying a voltage to the guest-host liquid crystal layer. The light guide plate is composed of a transparent material and is arranged on the outside of the first substrate. The light source is arranged on the end of the light guide plate and generates illumination light as required. The light guide plate normally transmits external light onto the first substrate and emits the external light reflected from the second substrate, and also, as required, guides illumination light onto the first substrate and emits the illumination light reflected from the second substrate.

Abstract: First, a photosensitive resin film is formed on a substrate. Then, the resin film is patterned by photolithography into a collection of quadrilateral prisms that are arranged discretely. Then, the individual quadrilateral prisms are deformed so as to be undulated gently by performing a heat treatment. Thereafter, a resin film is applied to the collection of deformed quadrilateral prisms, whereby flat gap portions between the discrete quadrilateral prisms are filled in and curved surfaces are formed there. Finally, a metal film is formed on the collection of gently undulated quadrilateral prisms.

Abstract: A reflective display device includes a panel, a light guide plate and a light source. The panel is provided with a transparent first substrate lying on the side of the external incident light, a second substrate joined to the first substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween and lying on the reflection side, a guest-host liquid crystal layer held in the gap between the substrates, and electrodes provided on each substrate for applying a voltage to the guest-host liquid crystal layer. The light guide plate is composed of a transparent material and is arranged on the outside of the first substrate. The light source is arranged on the end of the light guide plate and generates illumination light as required. The light guide plate normally transmits external light onto the first substrate and emits the external light reflected from the second substrate, and also, as required, guides illumination light onto the first substrate and emits the illumination light reflected from the second substrate.

Abstract: A hybrid type display apparatus capable of maintaining color purity in a case of transmission mode display, and improving lightness of color in a case of reflection mode display is provided. This hybrid type display apparatus is comprised of: a pair of substrates comprising a first substrate on a front side and a second substrate on a rear side, disposed in opposite directions spaced apart from each other; a first electrode provided on an internal surface of the first substrate; a second electrode provided on an internal surface of the second substrate; a color filter provided on the first substrate, aligned with a pixel in a portion between the first electrode and the second electrode spaced apart in the opposite directions from each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second substrates; and a reflection layer provided on the second substrate.

Abstract: A reflection type display device includes a panel, a light guide plate placed external to the panel, and a light source placed at the end of the light guide plate for generating illumination light as required. The light guide plate normally transmits external light onto a first substrate of the panel and emits the external light reflected from a second substrate of the panel, while, as required, guides illumination light onto the first substrate and emits the illumination light reflected from the second substrate. The light guide plate includes a planar section divided into bands and an inclined section lying between each planar section. The light guide plate reflects the illumination light guided from the light source at each inclined section so as to lead it onto the first substrate and emits the illumination light reflected from the second substrate through each planar section and inclined section.

Abstract: A reflective guest-host liquid crystal display device includes an optical reflective layer and a quarter wavelength plate (1/4 wavelength phase shifter) inside the device provides improved contrast an brightness of the display with a paper-white tone.

Abstract: A color reflective guest-host liquid-crystal display device is provided which does not require a polarizing plate and which has a bright screen. A transparent electrode is formed on an upper substrate of a color reflective guest-host liquid-crystal display device. A reflection electrode is formed on a lower substrate, and an electro-optic element is held in the spacing between the two substrates so as to perform light modulation in response to an applied voltage. The electro-optic element has a laminated structure including a guest-host liquid-crystal layer which contains a dichroic dye and which is uniformly oriented along the transparent electrode, and a phase shifter which has a predetermined optical anisotropic axis and which is formed along the reflection electrode. The transparent electrode and the reflection electrode face each other and define a plurality of pixels. A color filter assigns incident light of a different wavelength to each pixel.

Abstract: A living tissue replacement of crystallized glass having bioaffinity and mechanical strength is briefly obtained simply by pressure molding or machining without using a special equipment. A glass material having a softening point below its crystallization temperature and exhibiting viscous flow at temperatures below its melting point is heated at a temperature above its Tg and pressed at the temperature to mold to a desired shape, thereby manufacturing a living tissue replacement such as a dental crown. Molding can be done under a pressure of up to 20 MPa.

Abstract: A reflective guest-host liquid-crystal display includes: a pair of upper and lower substrates joined together with a predetermined space therebetween; and a guest-host liquid-crystal layer which is held within the space and contains a dichroic dye. The upper substrate is provided with at least a counter electrode. At least thin-film transistors (TFTs), a reflective layer, a .lambda./4 phase shifter (quarter-wavelength plate), and pixel electrodes are formed on the lower substrate. The .lambda./4 phase shifter is formed above the TFTs and the reflective layer, and has contact holes connecting to the drain electrodes of the TFTs. The pixel electrodes are patterned on the .lambda./4 phase shifter and connected to the corresponding drain electrodes of the TFTs through the corresponding contact holes.

Abstract: An almost parallel white beam enters a color filter, and is thereby color-separated into primary colors of R, G and B. The color-separated parallel beam enters a PBS after the beam diameter thereof is converted at a magnification of f.sub.2 /f.sub.1 by a relay optical system. The polarizing beam splitter (PBS) allows p-polarized components to transmit therethrough and to enter a liquid crystal display device. Images of filter elements for R, G, and B in the color filter are reduced and formed on corresponding pixel electrodes in the liquid crystal display device, and then, reflected. The p-polarized components that are incident on the liquid crystal display device are modulated according to image signal voltages applied to the pixel electrodes (the polarization direction is changed). Then, s-polarized components generated by this modulation are reflected by the PBS, and projected in an increased size onto a screen through a projection lens.

Abstract: A reflective guest-host liquid-crystal display of the present invention includes a pair of substrates joined together at a predetermined distance therebetween. One of the substrates is positioned at an incident side and the other is positioned at a reflection side. A guest-host liquid-crystal layer, a reflective layer, and a .lambda./4 phase shifter are provided within a space formed between the pair of substrates. The guest-host liquid-crystal layer positioned adjacent to the incident-side substrate contains a dichroic dye. The .lambda./4 phase shifter is provided between the guest-host liquid-crystal layer and the reflective layer and is located adjacent to the reflection-side substrate. A counter electrode and pixel electrodes are formed on the incident-side substrate and the reflection-side substrate, respectively, so as to apply a voltage to the guest-host liquid-crystal layer. The .lambda.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the type in which thermo-writing is performed by means of irradiation of laser beams, the display device including a laser-sensitive liquid crystal composition exhibiting a maximum absorption at or near the wavelength of the impinging laser beam with which the display device is to be used. The specific improvement of the present invention comprises including in the liquid crystal composition at least two types of laser-responsive dyes, each being present in an amount less than its solubility limit in the liquid crystal composition, and each of the dyes evidencing a maximum absorption at or near the wavelength of the laser beam. In an embodiment, the dyes are chosen from the class of squarilium dyes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus wherein laser beams which are modulated in accordance with modulating signals such as video signals are irradiated on a liquid crystal cell for writing the display image or picture on the cell. In the present invention, the laser beams emitted from two laser beam sources are combined at a polarization beam splitter with an angular offset between the respective optical axes equal to .DELTA..theta., and the picture components corresponding to two scanning lines are simultaneously written into the liquid crystal cell during one scanning period, for increasing the image writing speed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus and particularly to a liquid crystal display apparatus based on a liquid crystal light emitter actuated by the heat from a laser beam.A liquid crystal display apparatus according to this invention is formed such that an energy beam is irradiated onto the arrays of smectic liquid crystal particles having polarities equivalent in energy directions and opposite to each other in dipole moments of the particles and applied with a voltage, which is too low to switch the arrays to each other to provide the display.Consequently, according to the liquid crystal display apparatus of this invention, the writing speed of the display can be improved significantly and a high contrast of the display can be presented.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a laser beam source, a liquid crystal cell so formed that a liquid crystal layer in which a liquid crystal of cyano-biphenyl system is added with a dichromatic dye of 1,3 di (1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulenyl)-cyclobutene diylium having a formula ##STR1## is interposed between opposing transparent electrode plates, and means for irradiating to the cell a laser beam generated from the laser beam source.