Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a replaceable image formation unit. The image forming apparatus includes an input device for inputting a signal representing occurrence of abnormality in one of an output image and the image forming apparatus recognized by an operator, a unit specifying device for specifying an image formation unit to be replaced for resolving the abnormality upon receiving the signal, and a notification device for notifying information related to the replacement unit based on the unit specification result.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a plurality of detachable image forming devices each configured to form a color image, an image carrying device configured to carry the color images sequentially overlaid into a single color image, an exchange detecting device configured to detect an exchange operation of the plurality of detachable image forming devices, a test pattern reading device configured to read a predetermined test pattern formed by the plurality of detachable image forming devices on the image carrying device, and a controller configured to instruct the plurality of detachable image forming devices to form the predetermined test pattern on the image carrying device when the exchange detecting device detects the exchange operation, and to perform a color image position adjustment based on readings of the predetermined test pattern by the test pattern reading device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes image carriers arranged side by side in a preselected direction, developing means each for forming a toner image on one of the image carriers, a drive mechanism for driving in the preselected direction a member to which toner images are to be sequentially transferred from the image carriers one above the other, and image transferring devices each for transferring a toner image from one of the image carriers to the above member. At east during an image forming process, a slip condition is substantially the same throughout all image transfer positions where the image carriers face the members.

Abstract: A method of efficiently extracting a high-purity stereoisomer from a mixture comprising the endo isomer and the exo isomer of a dicarboxylic acid having a norbornene or norbornane structure, or a derivative thereof. The present invention relates to a method of separating the endo isomer and the exo isomer of a dicarboxylic acid represented by a general formula (1) or (2) or a derivative thereof, and includes the step of stirring and mixing a mixture comprising mainly the endo isomer of the dicarboxylic acid represented by the general formula (1) or (2) or a derivative thereof, and the exo isomer of the dicarboxylic acid represented by the general formula (1) or (2) or a derivative thereof, with a basic compound and a solvent. (wherein, R1 to R8 represent a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, or butyl group), (wherein, R?1 to R?10 represent a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, or butyl group).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a plurality of detachable image forming devices each configured to form a color image, an image carrying device configured to carry the color images sequentially overlaid into a single color image, an exchange detecting device configured to detect an exchange operation of the plurality of detachable image forming devices, a test pattern reading device configured to read a predetermined test pattern formed by the plurality of detachable image forming devices on the image carrying device, and a controller configured to instruct the plurality of detachable image forming devices to form the predetermined test pattern on the image carrying device when the exchange detecting device detects the exchange operation, and to perform a color image position adjustment based on readings of the predetermined test pattern by the test pattern reading device.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus including a plurality of image forming devices, a transfer device including a transfer belt, a test pattern forming device configured to form, on the transfer belt, a test pattern including a plurality of marks formed by the image forming devices, an optical sensor configured to read the plurality of marks, and a checking device configured to determine whether reading by the optical sensor is performed correctly or not.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes image carriers arranged side by side in a preselected direction, developing means each for forming a toner image on one of the image carriers, a drive mechanism for driving in the preselected direction a member to which toner images are to be sequentially transferred from the image carriers one above the other, and image transferring devices each for transferring a toner image from one of the image carriers to the above member. At least during an image forming process, a slip condition is substantially the same throughout all image transfer positions where the image carriers face the member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes image carriers arranged side by side in a preselected direction, developing means each for forming a toner image on one of the image carriers, a drive mechanism for driving in the preselected direction a member to which toner images are to be sequentially transferred from the image carriers one above the other, and image transferring devices each for transferring a toner image from one of the image carriers to the above member. At east during an image forming process, a slip condition is substantially the same throughout all image transfer positions where the image carriers face the members.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus including a plurality of image forming devices, a transfer device including a transfer belt, a test pattern forming device configured to form, on the transfer belt, a test pattern including a plurality of marks formed by the image forming devices, an optical sensor configured to read the plurality of marks, and a checking device configured to determine whether reading by the optical sensor is performed correctly or not.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus including a plurality of image forming devices attachable to and detachable from a housing, a transfer device including a transfer belt, an exchange detecting device configured to detect exchange of the image forming devices, a test pattern forming device configured to form, on the transfer belt, a test pattern including a plurality of marks formed by the image forming devices, when the exchange detecting device detects an exchange of the image forming device, an optical sensor configured to read the plurality of marks, and a checking device configured to determine whether reading by the optical sensor is performed correctly or not.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a replaceable image formation unit. The image forming apparatus includes an input device for inputting a signal representing occurrence of abnormality in one of an output image and the image forming apparatus recognized by an operator, a unit specifying device for specifying an image formation unit to be replaced for resolving the abnormality upon receiving the signal, and a notification device for notifying information related to the replacement unit based on the unit specification result.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus including a plurality of image forming devices attachable to and detachable from a housing, a transfer device including a transfer belt, an exchange detecting device configured to detect exchange of the image forming devices, a test pattern forming device configured to form, on the transfer belt, a test pattern including a plurality of marks formed by the image forming devices, when the exchange detecting device detects an exchange of the image forming device, an optical sensor configured to read the plurality of marks, and a checking device configured to determine whether reading by the optical sensor is performed correctly or not.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes image carriers arranged side by side in a preselected direction, developing means each for forming a toner image on one of the image carriers, a drive mechanism for driving in the preselected direction a member to which toner images are to be sequentially transferred from the image carriers one above the other, and image transferring devices each for transferring a toner image from one of the image carriers to the above member. At least during an image forming process, a slip condition is substantially the same throughout all image transfer positions where the image carriers face the member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes image carriers arranged side by side in a preselected direction, developing mechanisms configured to form a toner image on one of the image carriers, a drive mechanism for driving in the preselected direction a member to which toner images are to be sequentially transferred from the image carriers one above the other, and image transferring devices each for transferring a toner image from one of the image carriers to the above member. At least during an image forming process, a slip condition is substantially the same throughout all image transfer positions where the image carriers face the member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a plurality of detachable image forming devices each for forming a color image, an image carrying device for carrying the color images sequentially overlaid into a single color image, an exchange detecting device for detecting an exchange of the image forming devices, a test pattern reading device for reading a predetermined test pattern formed by the image forming devices on the image carrying device, and a controller configured to instruct the image forming devices to form the predetermined test pattern when either the detecting device detects the exchange, the fixing temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, a color print adjustment command is provided, or the total number of color prints is greater than that at the last color print adjustment, and to perform color image position adjustment based on readings of the predetermined test pattern by the test pattern reading device.

Abstract: A method of efficiently extracting a high-purity stereoisomer from a mixture comprising the endo isomer and the exo isomer of a dicarboxylic acid having a norbornene or norbornane structure, or a derivative thereof. The present invention relates to a method of separating the endo isomer and the exo isomer of a dicarboxylic acid represented by a general formula (1) or (2) or a derivative thereof, and includes the step of stirring and mixing a mixture comprising mainly the endo isomer of the dicarboxylic acid represented by the general formula (1) or (2) or a derivative thereof, and the exo isomer of the dicarboxylic acid represented by the general formula (1) or (2) or a derivative thereof, with a basic compound and a solvent.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes image carriers arranged side by side in a preselected direction, developing means each for forming a toner image on one of the image carriers, a drive mechanism for driving in the preselected direction a member to which toner images are to be sequentially transferred from the image carriers one above the other, and image transferring devices each for transferring a toner image from one of the image carriers to the above member. At least during an image forming process, a slip condition is substantially the same throughout all image transfer positions where the image carriers face the member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes image carriers arranged side by side in a preselected direction, developing means each for forming a toner image on one of the image carriers, a drive mechanism for driving in the preselected direction a member to which toner images are to be sequentially transferred from the image carriers one above the other, and image transferring devices each for transferring a toner image from one of the image carriers to the above member. At least during an image forming process, a slip condition is substantially the same throughout all image transfer positions where the image carriers face the member.

Abstract: A film for optical parts exhibiting high transmittance of short-wavelength light on the order of 400 nm, low birefringence, and excellent flexibility in which warping can be prevented after use for a long term, and a coiled film laminate using the film for optical parts, and an optical parts and an optical discs. The film for optical parts is characterized by comprising a light transmitting layer principally comprising thermosetting resin where an integrated value of the ratio of loss modulus to storage modulus in a temperature range of 30° C. to 80° C. as determined by a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement under a tensile stress mode at a frequency of 10 Hz with a heating rate of 3° C./min is 2 or more.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a plurality of detachable image forming devices each for forming a color image, an image carrying device for carrying the color images sequentially overlaid into a single color image, an exchange detecting device for detecting an exchange of the plurality of detachable image forming devices, a test pattern reading device for reading a predetermined test pattern formed by the plurality of detachable image forming devices on the image carrying device, and a controller for instructing the plurality of detachable image forming devices to form the predetermined test pattern on the image carrying device when the exchange detecting device detects the exchange and perform a color image position adjustment based on readings of the predetermined test pattern by the test pattern reading device.