Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a microchannel plate having excellent characteristics which enable to attain both high luminance and high resolution at the same time, a gas proportional counter using such a microchannel plate and an imaging device. The microchannel plate according to the present invention comprises a base body provided with a plurality of through holes (13) and having an insulating property, and is arranged in a gas atmosphere mainly containing an inert gas to constitute a proportional counter. The base body has photoelectric converter portions (1a, 1b) formed on at least inner walls of the plurality of through holes (13).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a microchannel plate having excellent characteristics which enable to attain both high luminance and high resolution at the same time, a gas proportional counter using such a microchannel plate and an imaging device. The microchannel plate according to the present invention comprises a base body provided with a plurality of through holes (13) and having an insulating property, and is arranged in a gas atmosphere mainly containing an inert gas to constitute a proportional counter. The base body has photoelectric converter portions (1a, 1b) formed on at least inner walls of the plurality of through holes (13).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray tube capable of efficiently extracting X-rays of low energy and provided with a structure having excellent durability. The X-ray tube is provided with a silicon foil having a thickness of 3 ?m or more but 30 ?m or less as a part of a vessel body. The silicon foil is directly or indirectly affixed on the closed vessel in a state that the silicon foil covers the opening provided in the closed vessel, and functions as a transmission window of the closed vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray tube capable of efficiently extracting X-rays of low energy and provided with a structure having excellent durability. The X-ray tube is provided with a silicon foil having a thickness of 3 ?m or more but 30 ?m or less as a part of a vessel body. The silicon foil is directly or indirectly affixed on the closed vessel in a state that the silicon foil covers the opening provided in the closed vessel, and functions as a transmission window of the closed vessel.

Abstract: An electric heater is placed so as to cover an upper opening of a crucible. Then, a plurality of angle members are disposed along the side portions of the electric heater and are pressed and fixed by clamps. The clamp includes, at its bottom, a curved portion formed by bending a plate-like spring member into a convex shape, and generates pressing force between the curved portion and corresponding claw portions at the upper edge, thereby clamping the crucible.

Abstract: An evaporation apparatus comprises an elongated crucible having an upper opening and storing an evaporation material, an electric heater which covers the upper opening of the elongated crucible, generates heat by causing electric current to flow therein for heating the evaporation material stored in the crucible, and has an opening through which the evaporation material which is vaporized by heating can pass through, and a fixing member for pressing and fixing the electric heater onto the elongated crucible. Further, between the fixing member and the electric heater, an angle member having surface portions respectively fitting onto an edge portion of the upper surface and an upper portion of the side surface of the elongated crucible is provided along the longitudinal direction of the elongated crucible. A pressing force from the fixing member is made to exert onto the electric heater via the angle member to bring the electric heater into close contact with the elongated crucible.

Abstract: An electric heater is placed so as to cover an upper opening of a crucible. Then, a plurality of angle members are disposed along the side portions of the electric heater and are pressed and fixed by clamps. The clamp includes, at its bottom, a curved portion formed by bending a plate-like spring member into a convex shape, and generates pressing force between the curved portion and corresponding claw portions at the upper edge, thereby clamping the crucible.

Abstract: When electric current is caused to flow in an electric heater which is disposed on an elongated crucible, an evaporation material stored within the crucible and located under the electric heater is heated and the evaporation material is vaporized and discharged through an opening of the electric heater. Because a metal coating is applied to the outer surface of the elongated crucible, external radiation of heat from the crucible is reduced, and the heat generated by the electric heater is more efficiently used to increase the temperature of the evaporation material. In this manner, efficient heating for the interior of the elongated crucible and uniform temperature within the crucible can be achieved.

Abstract: The upper portion of an elongated crucible storing an evaporation material is covered with an electric heater, and electric current is caused to flow in the electric heater to heat the interior of the crucible. A connecting plate which electrically connects an end portion of the electric heater and an electrode is provided to cause electric current to flow in the electric heater. The connecting plate is formed by a plurality of metal plates having different resistance values, which facilitates adjustment of the resistance of the connecting plate to an appropriate value.

Abstract: An electric heater is placed so as to cover an upper opening of a crucible. Then, a plurality of angle members are disposed along the side portions of the electric heater and are pressed and fixed by clamps. The clamp includes, at its bottom, a curved portion formed by bending a plate-like spring member into a convex shape, and generates pressing force between the curved portion and corresponding claw portions at the upper edge, thereby clamping the crucible.

Abstract: An evaporation apparatus comprises an elongated crucible having an upper opening and storing an evaporation material, an electric heater which covers the upper opening of the elongated crucible, generates heat by causing electric current to flow therein for heating the evaporation material stored in the crucible, and has an opening through which the evaporation material which is vaporized by heating can pass through, and a fixing member for pressing and fixing the electric heater onto the elongated crucible. Further, between the fixing member and the electric heater, an angle member having surface portions respectively fitting onto an edge portion of the upper surface and an upper portion of the side surface of the elongated crucible is provided along the longitudinal direction of the elongated crucible. A pressing force from the fixing member is made to exert onto the electric heater via the angle member to bring the electric heater into close contact with the elongated crucible.

Abstract: When electric current is caused to flow in an electric heater which is disposed on an elongated crucible, an evaporation material stored within the crucible and located under the electric heater is heated and the evaporation material is vaporized and discharged through an opening of the electric heater. Because a metal coating is applied to the outer surface of the elongated crucible, external radiation of heat from the crucible is reduced, and the heat generated by the electric heater is more efficiently used to increase the temperature of the evaporation material. In this manner, efficient heating for the interior of the elongated crucible and uniform temperature within the crucible can be achieved.

Abstract: An optical coupling device for coupling a semiconductor laser emitting a diverging laser light to a converging optical system converging the laser light onto a rectangle end surface of an optical wavelength converter, comprises: a rotator for rotating the semiconductor laser about an optical axis thereof; a collimator disposed in the optical axis for converting the diverging laser light to a parallel beam along the optical axis; and a polarization rotator for rotating a plane of the electric field vibration of the parallel beam about the an optical axis to guide the beam to the converging optical system, thereby controlling the plane of the electric field vibration direction of the fundamental wave to couple the fundamental wave to a rectangle end surface at a high efficiency.

Abstract: An optical wavelength converter includes an optical wavelength converting element having a multimode waveguide of a core of a nonlinear optical material with a high temperature dependency or temperature coefficient of an index difference for the fundamental wave and secondary harmonic and a clad surrounding the multimode waveguide for converting a wavelength of a fundamental wave entering the multimode waveguide to a 1/2 wavelength of a secondary harmonic; and a temperature tuning device for changing a temperature of the clad and the multimode waveguide within a predetermined temperature range to maintain a phase matching temperature of the fundamental wave and the secondary harmonic in the optical wavelength converting element. The temperature tuner changes the temperature coefficient so as to select a pertinent pair of the fundamental wave and secondary harmonic modes for a wavelength conversion.

Abstract: An optical wavelength converting device comprises; a semiconductor laser emitting a fundamental wave; a waveguide-type optical wavelength converting element having a core made of a nonlinear optical material and a clad surrounding the core; and a converging optical system for converging the fundamental wave onto an input end of the waveguide, characterized in that the device further comprises; an adjusting optical system for adjusting a quantity of backward light backed from the optical wavelength converting element to the semiconductor disposed in the coupling optical system; a reflecting portion for reflecting the fundamental wave disposed in the an optical wavelength converting element or the coupling optical system; a current controller for changing an electric current to be supplied to the semiconductor laser; and an optical-path-length stabilizing device comprising a supporting plate for supporting the semiconductor laser, the coupling optical system and the an optical wavelength converting element to k

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an active matrix display device, in which particular emphases are laid on the forming step of an insulation layer by the ALE method and the precedent and subsequent steps thereof, thereby insulation layer being anyone among gate insulation layer, inter-busline insulation layer, protection layer and auxiliary capacitor insulation layer comprised in the display device. The method of forming the insulation layer comprises the predetermined number of repeated cycles of the steps of subjecting a substrate to the vapor of a metal inorganic/organic compound, which can react with H.sub.2 O and/or O.sub.2 and form the metal oxide, under molecular flow condition for duration of depositing almost a single atomic layer, and next subjecting the surface of thus formed metal inorganic/organic compound layer to the H.sub.2 O vapor and/or O.sub.2 gas under molecular flow condition for duration of replacing the metal inorganic/organic compound layer to the metal oxide layer.

Abstract: An optical waveguide type light wavelength shifter device has a core made of a nonlinear optical crystal and a cladding. The optical waveguide type light wavelength shifter device is provided with a thermoelectric element so that wavelength variation of the second harmonic wave resulting from a variation in the wavelength of an incident light can be minimized.