Abstract: A method for controlling a moving velocity of an ultrasonic motor comprising a vibration body for causing ultrasonic vibration in response to two AC driving voltage signals having a common frequency, a common amplitude and phases different from each other; and a moving body in contact with the vibration body and moved by the ultrasonic vibration. The method includes step A of detecting a velocity of the moving body; step B comparing the velocity detected in step A with a predetermined velocity; and step C for adjusting the frequency of the two AC driving voltage signals and the amplitude of or the phase difference between the two AC driving voltage signals, based on the comparison result to allow the velocity of the moving body to be closer to the predetermined velocity.

Abstract: An ultrasonic motor comprising vibrating body, piezoelectric body for exciting an elastic travelling wave in the vibrating body and moving body driven by the elastic travelling wave provides plural vibration amplitude detection electrodes for detecting an amplitude of vibration of the vibrating body these output signals from which are utilized to identify the magnitude of vibration amplitude of the vibrating body and the ultrasonic motor is controlled using the magnitude of vibration amplitude as a control index.

Abstract: An energy difference picture processing method comprises the steps of using a semiconductor radiation detector; providing two discriminating levels; dividing X-rays, which have passed through objects, into two kind energy zones; counting X-ray photons to obtain an X-ray picture; assembling, with corresponding coefficients, S(H), S(L), {S(H)}.sup.x and {S(L)}.sup.y, which are exponential functions of the S(H) and S(L), respectively, where S(H) is a logarithmically converted version of a picture of counts in a higher energy band and S(L) is a logarithmically converted version of a picture of counts in a lower energy band; and performing addition, subtraction, multiplication and/or division on these terms to provide a picture in which a particular one of the materials constituting the objects is selectively extracted or removed.

Abstract: A K-edge filter whose main portion functions as a filter member and is made of a material containing at least two kinds of elements, and an X-ray apparatus is fabricated so as to include such a K-edge filter.

Abstract: A K-edge filter whose main portion functions as a filter member is made of a material containing at least two kinds of elements, and an X-ray apparatus is fabricated so as to include such a K-edge filter.

Abstract: Radiation transmission intensity information obtained from a radiation source of two different energy levels or energy bands is used to perform an energy subtraction calculation and quantify the constituent substances of the object being analyzed. The objective is to simultaneously detect and quantify the plural substances composing the object being analyzed in a single operation using a single subtraction calculation equation. An energy subtraction calculation is first performed to eliminate a specific substance in the object being analyzed, making it possible to simultaneously determine the other two constituent substances using the negativity of the calculated result.

Abstract: A one dimensional X-ray image sensor consists of a plurality of unit detecting devices aligned in a row and a filter which covers a portion thereof and is made of a material having an X-ray absorption coefficient equal to or nearly equal to that of a target material to be inspected. An X-ray inspection apparatus includes the one dimensional X-ray image sensor and further includes a data processor for correcting measured values using data measured in regard to the filter.

Abstract: Transmission images are obtained by radiating X-rays having two different energy levels onto a subject in one direction, and then transformed into logarithmic images, respectively. From these logarithmic images, a contrast ratio due to the two kinds of X-rays having different energies is obtained. From this contrast ratio, the term relating to the thickness of the subject is eliminated, thereby providing information only relating to the quality of the material. By collating the information with the previously measured data of materials, the material of the subject is identified.

Abstract: A radiation sensor for the measurement of photo energies of incident radiation is disclosed which comprises a semiconductor substrate sensitive to photons of the incident radiation, at least one common electrode and at least one split electrode, both of which are disposed on the same surface of the substrate, or the common electrode being disposed on one surface of the substrate and the split electrode being disposed on the other surface of the substrate at a diagonal position to the common electrode. Also disclosed is a radiation detecting apparatus using the above-mentioned radiation sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a radiation detector and a method of manufacturing the same. The radiation detector includes a radiation screening member for cutting off radiation incident upon the marginal portions of the radiation incident surface of a semiconductor radiation sensor or a semiconductor radiation sensor array for outputting pulses in correspondence with radiation photons, as well as upon the boundary portions between adjacent sensors. In order to manufacture such a radiation detector, leads are provided by the wire bonding, soldering or bump contacting on the radiation screening member, and at least part of the radiation screening member is then fitted to the semiconductor radiation sensor or the semiconductor radiation sensor array so as to make it electrically connected to the electrodes of the semiconductor radiation sensor or the semiconductor radiation sensor array.