Abstract: A metal-supported catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery. The metal-supported catalyst includes: a carbon carrier; and catalyst metal particles supported on the carbon carrier, wherein a ratio of number-average particle diameter of catalyst metal particles to average pore diameter of metal-supported catalyst is 0.70 or more and 1.30 or less, wherein, at relative pressure of a nitrogen adsorption isotherm of metal-supported catalyst within a range of 0.4 or more and 0.6 or less, maximum value of a ratio of a nitrogen adsorption amount of a desorption-side isotherm to a nitrogen adsorption amount of an adsorption-side isotherm is 1.05 or less, and wherein proportion of number of the catalyst metal particles each supported at a position having a depth of 20 nm or more from an outer surface of the carbon carrier to a total number of the catalyst metal particles supported on the carbon carrier is 11% or more.

Abstract: A metal-supported catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery each having both excellent catalytic activity and durability. The metal-supported catalyst is a metal-supported catalyst including: a carbon carrier; and catalyst metal particles supported on the carbon carrier, wherein the metal-supported catalyst has a carbon structure that exhibits a half width at half maximum of 53.0 cm?1 or less of a D band having a peak top in a vicinity of 1,340 cm?1 in a Raman spectrum obtained by Raman spectroscopy, and wherein the metal-supported catalyst includes the catalyst metal particles that are partially buried in a pore inner surface of the carbon carrier.

Abstract: A carbon catalyst has a carbon structure with a crystallite size Lc falling within 0.90 nm or more and 1.20 nm or less calculated through use of a Bragg angle of a diffraction peak fbroad at a diffraction angle 2? of 24.0°±4.0° obtained by separating a diffraction peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle 2? of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction using a CuK? ray, and a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 97 ?mol/g or less, a total of a carbon monoxide desorption amount and a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 647 ?mol/g or less, or a carbon monoxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 549 ?mol/g or less in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 25° C. to 1,200° C.

Abstract: A metal-supported catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery, each having both excellent catalytic activity and durability. The metal-supported catalyst includes: a carbon carrier; and catalyst metal particles each containing a noble metal supported on the carbon carrier, wherein a volume of first pores each having a diameter of 0.5 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier is 0.20 (cm3/g-carrier) or more, wherein a volume of second pores each having a diameter of more than 2.0 nm and 4.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier is 0.20 (cm3/g-carrier) or more, and wherein a ratio of a content (wt %) of the noble metal measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, to a content (wt %) of the noble metal measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, is 0.35 or more and 0.75 or less.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst, an electrode, and a battery that exhibit excellent activity. A carbon catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention has a carbon structure in which area ratios of three peaks fbroad, fmiddle, and fnarrow obtained by separating a peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c): (a) fbroad: 75% or more and 96% or less; (b) fmiddle: 3.2% or more and 15% or less; and (c) fnarrow: 0.4% or more and 15% or less.

Abstract: A carbon catalyst has a carbon structure with a crystallite size Lc falling within 0.90 nm or more and 1.20 nm or less calculated through use of a Bragg angle of a diffraction peak fbroad at a diffraction angle 2? of 24.0°±4.0° obtained by separating a diffraction peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle 2? of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction using a CuK? ray, and a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 97 ?mol/g or less, a total of a carbon monoxide desorption amount and a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 647 ?mol/g or less, or a carbon monoxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 549 ?mol/g or less in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 25° C. to 1,200° C.

Abstract: A carbon catalyst has: a carbon structure that exhibits a nitrogen desorption temperature range from 800° C.-1,000° C. of 0.75×10?5 mol/g or more or a nitrogen desorption amount in the range from 600° C. to 1,000° C. of 1.20×10?5 mol/g or more in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring nitrogen desorption amount temperature range from 600° C.-1,000° C.; a carbon structure exhibits a zeta potential isoelectric point of pH 9.2 or more; or a carbon structure exhibits a ratio of an intensity of a first nitrogen peak within a range of a binding energy of 398.0±1.0 eV, to an intensity of a second nitrogen peak having a peak top within a range of a binding energy of 400.5±1.0 eV, of 0.620 or more, the first and second nitrogen peaks obtained by separating a peak derived from a 1s orbital of a nitrogen atom in a photoelectron spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: A carbon catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery each having excellent catalytic activity and excellent durability. The carbon catalyst includes iron, exhibits a weight reduction ratio in the temperature range from 200° C. to 1,200° C. of 12.0 wt % or less measured by thermogravimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere, and has a carbon structure that exhibits, in X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of a K absorption edge of the iron, the following (a) and/or (b): (a) a ratio of a normalized absorbance at 7,130 eV to a normalized absorbance at 7,110 eV is 7.0 or more; and (b) a ratio of a normalized absorbance at 7,135 eV to a normalized absorbance at 7,110 eV is 7.0 or more.

Abstract: A carbon catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery each having excellent catalytic activity and excellent durability. The carbon catalyst includes iron, exhibits a weight reduction ratio in the temperature range from 200° C. to 1,200° C. of 12.0 wt % or less measured by thermogravimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere, and has a carbon structure that exhibits, in X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of a K absorption edge of the iron, the following (a) and/or (b): (a) a ratio of a normalized absorbance at 7,130 eV to a normalized absorbance at 7,110 eV is 7.0 or more; and (b) a ratio of a normalized absorbance at 7,135 eV to a normalized absorbance at 7,110 eV is 7.0 or more.

Abstract: A carbon catalyst has: a carbon structure that exhibits a nitrogen desorption temperature range from 800° C.-1,000° C. of 0.75×10?5 mol/g or more or a nitrogen desorption amount in the range from 600° C. to 1,000° C. of 1.20×10?5 mol/g or more in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring nitrogen desorption amount temperature range from 600° C. -1,000° C.; a carbon structure exhibits a zeta potential isoelectric point of pH 9.2 or more; or a carbon structure exhibits a ratio of an intensity of a first nitrogen peak within a range of a binding energy of 398.0±1.0 eV, to an intensity of a second nitrogen peak having a peak top within a range of a binding energy of 400.5±1.0 eV, of 0.620 or more, the first and second nitrogen peaks obtained by separating a peak derived from a 1s orbital of a nitrogen atom in a photoelectron spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: A carbon catalyst has a carbon structure with a crystallite size Lc falling within 0.90 nm or more and 1.20 nm or less calculated through use of a Bragg angle of a diffraction peak fbroad at a diffraction angle 2? of 24.0°±4.0° obtained by separating a diffraction peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle 2? of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction using a CuK? ray, and a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 97 ?mol/g or less, a total of a carbon monoxide desorption amount and a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 647 ?mol/g or less, or a carbon monoxide desorption amount from 650° C. to 1,200° C. of 549 ?mol/g or less in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a carbon dioxide desorption amount from 25° C. to 1,200° C.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst, an electrode, and a battery that exhibit excellent activity. A carbon catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention has a carbon structure in which area ratios of three peaks fbroad, fmiddle, and fnarrow obtained by separating a peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c): (a) fbroad: 75% or more and 96% or less; (b) fmiddle: 3.2% or more and 15% or less; and (c) fnarrow: 0.4% or more and 15% or less.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst, an electrode, and a battery that exhibit excellent activity. A carbon catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention has a carbon structure in which area ratios of three peaks fbroad, fmiddle, and fnarrow obtained by separating a peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c): (a) fbroad: 75% or more and 96% or less; (b) fmiddle: 3.2% or more and 15% or less; and (c) fnarrow: 0.4% or more and 15% or less.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst, an electrode, and a battery that exhibit excellent activity. A carbon catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention has a carbon structure in which area ratios of three peaks fbroad, fmiddle, and fnarrow obtained by separating a peak in the vicinity of a diffraction angle of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c): (a) fbroad: 75% or more and 96% or less; (b) fmiddle: 3.2% or more and 15% or less; and (c) fnarrow: 0.4% or more and 15% or less.