Abstract: In an air cleaner, a cassette is removably installed in an air cleaner housing. The cassette holds therein a filter formed by stacking a chemical filter and an air cleaner element. At the time of replacement or inspection of the filter, the cassette is pulled out of the air cleaner housing, and then the filter is removed from the cassette. Further, after completion of the replacement or inspection, the filter is placed in the cassette, and the cassette is installed in the air cleaner housing.

Abstract: An air cleaner for a fuel cell vehicle includes: a case having an inlet and an outlet; and a filter element fixed to the case, the filter element being configured to section the case into an inlet side and an outlet side and filter air flowing from the inlet side to the outlet side. A locking projection projecting toward the inside of the case is provided on the inlet side in the case. A first prefilter, a second prefilter, and a chemical filter are sandwiched between the locking projection and the filter element in the order of the first prefilter, the chemical filter, and the second prefilter from the upstream side as the inlet side of the filter element inside the case toward the downstream side as the outlet side of the filter element inside the case.

Abstract: An air cleaner for a fuel cell vehicle includes: a case having an inlet and an outlet; and a filter element fixed to the case, the filter element being configured to section the case into an inlet side and an outlet side and filter air flowing from the inlet side to the outlet side. A locking projection projecting toward the inside of the case is provided on the inlet side in the case. A first prefilter, a second prefilter, and a chemical filter are sandwiched between the locking projection and the filter element in the order of the first prefilter, the chemical filter, and the second prefilter from the upstream side as the inlet side of the filter element inside the case toward the downstream side as the outlet side of the filter element inside the case.

Abstract: In a player, for example, when a memory card is loaded as a removable medium during playback of a CD, an audio-output-source selecting unit switches the output state to playback of the memory card in normal operation. However, in a case in which a medium-loading detecting unit detects that a memory card is not loaded at the time when a request for recording on the memory card is entered during the playback of a CD, and a medium-loading-time detecting unit detects that the memory card is loaded within a predetermined time, the audio-output-source selecting unit immediately starts recording on the memory card without switching the output state to the playback of the memory card.

Abstract: A sub converter 330 provided in a data conversion apparatus for data encryption/decryption includes a data conversion function and a data transfer function or key transfer function, the sub converter converts data and transfers data that is nonlinear converted in a main converter 320 or a key that is outputted from a key KL register 240, by switching between the data conversion function and the data or key transfer function.

Abstract: A sub converter 330 provided in a data conversion apparatus for data encryption/decryption includes a data conversion function and a data transfer function or key transfer function, the sub converter converts data and transfers data that is nonlinear converted in a main converter 320 or a key that is outputted from a key KL register 240, by switching between the data conversion function and the data or key transfer function.

Abstract: A button processing method and a data processing apparatus that improve the operability of buttons when a display device with a display screen of small size is employed. In cases where an output image includes a button, when a display image is displayed on a display device with a small display device size, e.g., 6.5 inches, the size of the button in an image space is enlarged n times at a button enlargement ratio determined in accordance with the display device size. In contrast, when a display image is displayed on the display device with a larger display device size, e.g., 8 inches, the size of the button in an image space is enlarged, e.g., n/1.23 times at a button enlargement ratio determined in accordance with the display device size.

Abstract: In a player, for example, when a memory card is loaded as a removable medium during playback of a CD, an audio-output-source selecting unit switches the output state to playback of the memory card in normal operation. However, in a case in which a medium-loading detecting unit detects that a memory card is not loaded at the time when a request for recording on the memory card is entered during the playback of a CD, and a medium-loading-time detecting unit detects that the memory card is loaded within a predetermined time, the audio-output-source selecting unit immediately starts recording on the memory card without switching the output state to the playback of the memory card.

Abstract: A receiver is provided for efficiently selecting a channel providing desired broadcast information. The broadcast information of each channel transmitted from a digital broadcast has been given a plurality of categories having different priority levels. When a channel search is instructed with a category to be searched for as a specified target, a controller performs the channel search for a channel having a category matching the category to be searched for as a target in order of precedence of the categories. After the channel having the matching category is found, the controller receives the broadcast information of the channel as a new channel.

Abstract: When a collision detecting mechanism 27 detects a front collision of a vehicle, a clutch mechanism 18 integrally connecting a pedal arm 2 to a push rod lever 15 connecting a push rod 14 of a Master vac 13 is disconnected. Accordingly, even when the push rod 14 is backward moved together with the Master vac 13, the push rod lever 14 strikes the air, so that a collision load does not act on the pedal arm 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling an automatic transmission of a vehicle which is capable of continuously changing a transmission ratio (Rt) and transmission coefficient (Ct). The method is three fold, that is, an initial stage control procedure, a special stage control procedure and a normal stage control procedure having priority in operation in this order.At the initial stage control procedure, Rt and Ct are determined, according to a plurality of indices representing a state of the vehicle, so that the vehicle is accelerated effectively, in general.At the special stage control procedure, Rt and Ct are determined, when a propelling force transmitting path for transmitting propelling force from an engine to the ground is disconnected at least at one part, so that a shock due to a recovery of said propelling force transmitting path is minimized.At the normal stage control procedure, Rt and Ct are determined so that the vehicle responds to the operation of the driver swiftly.

Abstract: In a motorcycle with a pair of left and right steps mounted in a projecting manner on a lower portion of a vehicle body, a pair of left and right brake pedals capable of independently operating the rear wheel brake are pivoted on the vehicle body in close vicinity to the left and right steps, respectively. When a driver turns the motorcycle in either left or right direction with his one foot being placed on the ground, the driver can operate the rear wheel brake using the opposite foot.

Abstract: Addition compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group which can have nuclear substituents or benzoyl, aromatic sulfonyl or aromatic sulfinyl group; R.sub.2 represents methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isoamyl or benzyl group; R.sub.3 represents a lower alkoxyl, benzyloxy or benzhydryloxy group and n represents 1 or 2.The addition compounds are produced by reacting an N-substituted monoaminodicarboxylic acid having the formula ##STR2## with an amino carboxlic acid ester having the formula in an aqueous medium in the presence of a protease and reacting the resulting dipeptide ester with the amino carboxylic acid ester and separating the addition compound.The addition compounds can be decomposed into the constituent dipeptide esters and amino acid esters by the action of an acid.

Abstract: Addition compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group which can have nuclear substituents, or benzoyl, aromatic sulfonyl or aromatic sulfinyl group; R.sub.2 represents methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isoamyl or benzyl group; R.sub.3 represents a lower alkoxyl, benzyloxy or benzhydryloxy group and n represents 1 or 2 are produced by reacting an N-substituted monoaminodicarboxylic acid having the formula ##STR2## with an amino carboxylic acid ester having the formula ##STR3## in the presence of a protease.

Abstract: Addition compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group which can have nuclear substituents, or benzoyl, aromatic sulfonyl or aromatic sulfinyl group; R.sub.2 represents methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isoamyl or benzyl group; R.sub.3 represents a lower alkoxyl, benzyloxy or benzhydryloxy group and n represents 1 or 2 together with methods for preparing (I) and for decomposing (I) into the constituent dipeptide esters and amino acid esters.

Abstract: A peptide having the formulaX--A--B--Ywherein A and B are the same or different and represent an amino acid residue or a peptide residue; X represents an amino protective group and Y represents a carboxyl protective group, is prepared by reacting an amino acid or peptide having an N-terminal protective group or a salt thereof of the formula:X--A--OHwith an amino acid or peptide having a C-terminal protective group or a salt thereof of the formula:H--B--Yin the presence of metalloproteinase in an aqueous solution having a pH which maintains the enzyme activity of said metalloproteinase.

Abstract: A peptide having the formulaX--A--B--Ywherein A and B are the same or different and represent an amino acid residue or a peptide residue; X represents an amino protective group and Y represents a carboxyl protective group, is prepared by reacting an amino acid or peptide having an N-terminal protective group or a salt thereof of the formula:X--A--OHwith an amino acid or peptide having a C-terminal protective group or a salt thereof of the formula:H--B--Yin the presence of metalloproteinase in an aqueous solution having a pH which maintains the enzyme activity of said metalloproteinase.

Abstract: A peptide having the formulaX--A--B--Y--wherein A and B are the same or different and each represents an amino acid residue or a peptide residue, X represents an amino protective group, Y represents a carboxyl protective group selected from the group consisting of tertiary alkoxy, and benzyloxy, benzylamino and benzhydrylamino which can be substituted with an inert substituent, is prepared by a process which comprises reacting an amino acid or peptide having an N-terminal protective group, or a salt thereof of the formula:X--A--OHwith an amino acid or peptide having a C-terminal protective group or a salt thereof of the formula:H--B--Yin the presence of a thiol proteinase or serine proteinase enzyme in an aqueous solution having a pH sufficient to maintain the enzyme activity of said thiol proteinase or serine proteinase.