Abstract: A solar battery unit (100) is provided that includes: a substrate (120); a solar battery (110) attached to a back face of the substrate (120); and a communications module (130) attached to the substrate (120). The communications module (130) includes an antenna (132) disposed so as not to overlap solar cells (115) in the solar battery (110) in a front view.

Abstract: A solar battery unit (100) is provided that includes: a substrate (120); a sola battery (110) attached to a back face of the substrate (120); and a communications module (130) attached to the substrate (120). The communications module (130) includes an antenna (132) disposed so as not to overlap solar cells (115) in the solar battery (110) in a front view.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing insulin-producing cells having sufficient glucose responsiveness from mesenchymal stem cells, an insulin-producing cell having sufficient glucose responsiveness, a cell structure containing the insulin-producing cell, and a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Compound (1) is useful as a catalyst since compound (III) can be obtained by reacting compound (I) with compound (II) in the presence of compound (I). In particular, an optically active substance of compound (III) can be produced by using compound (I) which is optically active.

Abstract: Compound (1) is useful as a catalyst since compound (III) can be obtained by reacting compound (I) with compound (II) in the presence of compound (I). In particular, an optically active substance of compound (III) can be produced by using compound (I) which is optically active.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt represented by formula (5) (wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that is optionally substituted with one or more phenyl groups; or a phenyl group that optionally has one or more groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a trifluoromethyl group, R4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, C* represents an asymmetric carbon atom, and X? represents a halide ion) can be used as a catalyst having good stability under basic conditions.

Abstract: 1-Amino-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester, which is useful as a synthetic intermediate of pharmaceuticals, can be produced by a process of producing 1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester represented by formula (4): including a step of hydrolysis of an optically active 1-N-(arylmethylene)amino-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester represented by formula (3): which is obtained by reacting an N-(arylmethylene)glycine ester represented by formula (1): with a compound represented by formula (2): in the presence of a base and an optically active quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: Compound (1) or a salt that is useful as an intermediate for the production of a medicine, an agrochemical or the like can be produced by a process including the following steps: (A) reacting an aldehyde (2) with nitromethane to produce a nitroaldehyde; (B) reacting the nitroaldehyde with an alcohol to produce a nitroacetal; (C) reducing the nitroacetal to produce an aminoacetal; (D) protecting an amino group in the aminoacetal to produce a protected aminoacetal; (E) treating the protected aminoacetal with an acid and subsequently with a base and then reacting the resultant product with a cyanating agent to produce a nitrile; (F) hydrolyzing the nitrile to produce a protected amino acid; and (G) substituting a group R5 in the protected amino acid by a hydrogen atom and protecting a carboxyl group therein.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt represented by formula (5) (wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that is optionally substituted with one or more phenyl groups; or a phenyl group that optionally has one or more groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a trifluoromethyl group, R4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, C* represents an asymmetric carbon atom, and X? represents a halide ion) can be used as a catalyst having good stability under basic conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a compound (IIa) or a compound (IIb), provides a method of producing a compound (IIIa) or a compound (IIIb), provides a method of producing a compound (Va) or its salt or a compound (Vb) or its salt, provides a method of producing a compound (IIIa) or a compound (IIIb), further, provides a method of producing a compound (Va) or its salt or a compound (Vb) or its salt including these production methods.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for production of trans-dibenzoxenopyrrole compounds, in which reduction, leaving group conversion, hydrogenation and methylation are carried out in that order. The process of the invention allows trans-dibenzoxenopyrrole compounds to be produced by a simpler procedure than conventional processes. The invention further provides novel compounds obtained as intermediates in the process, and a process for their production.

Abstract: 1-Amino-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester, which is useful as a synthetic intermediate of pharmaceuticals, can be produced by a process of producing 1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester represented by formula (4): including a step of hydrolysis of an optically active 1-N-(arylmethylene)amino-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester represented by formula (3): which is obtained by reacting an N-(arylmethylene)glycine ester represented by formula (1): with a compound represented by formula (2): in the presence of a base and an optically active quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a 1-substituted trans-4-(substituted amino)piperidin-3-ol represented by formula (III-1): The process includes a step of reacting a 1-substituted-3,4-epoxypiperidine represented by formula (I): with an amine compound represented by formula (II) in the presence of an inorganic lithium salt. By utilizing the process, trans-4-aminopiperidin-3-ol compounds useful as various chemical products, such as medicine intermediates, can be produced.

Abstract: An N-substituted-trans-4-azidopiperidin-3-ol represented by formula (II-1) R1 is as defined below, which is useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate and so on, is produced by reacting an N-substituted-3,4-epoxypiperidine represented by formula (I): wherein R1 represents an aralkyl group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, with sodium azide in the presence of an inorganic lithium salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides; a process for producing a compound (IV) comprising a step of reacting a compound (I) with a compound (II) in the presence of an optionally substituted cyclic secondary amine to obtain a compound (III) and a step of sequentially or simultaneously eliminating R1 and R2 from the compound (III), and then cyclizing the R1- and R2-eliminated compound to obtain the compound represented by the formula (IV); a process for producing a high purity compound (IV); an intermediate thereof; and a process for producing an intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an aromatic unsaturated compound of the formula (4) wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted aromatic group or an optionally substituted heteroaromatic group, and Y represents an electron withdrawing group, which comprises reacting (a) a compound of the formula (1) Ar—H??(1) wherein Ar has the same meaning as defined above with (b) a compound of the formula (2) wherein Y has the same meaning as defined above, and Z represents a lower alkoxy, or a compound of the formula (3) wherein Y and Z have the same meanings as defined above, in the presence of (c) an acid or a compound which generates a mineral acid by its hydrolysis.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for production of trans-dibenzoxenopyrrole compounds, in which reduction, leaving group conversion, hydrogenation and methylation are carried out in that order. The process of the invention allows trans-dibenzoxenopyrrole compounds to be produced by a simpler procedure than conventional processes. The invention further provides novel compounds obtained as intermediates in the process, and a process for their production.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing method for a piperidine-3-ylcarbamate compound in which a pyridine-3-ylcarbamate compound and hydrogen are brought into contact in the presence of a palladium catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for optical resolution of an alkylpiperidin-3-yl carbamate, the method including bringing an RS mixture of an alkylpiperidin-3-yl carbamate into contact with an optically active tartaric acid in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for efficiently producing optically active mirtazapine. Specifically, a process for production of optically active mirtazapine wherein an RS mixture of mirtazapine is optically resolved with optically active tartaric acid in the presence of a solvent. More specifically, a process for production of optically active mirtazapine, characterized by making an RS mixture of mirtazapine contact with optically active tartaric acid in the presence of a solvent, and preferentially crystallizing the optically active mirtazapine salt. The solvent is preferably a mixed solvent consisting of a water-soluble organic solvent and water, and more preferably a mixed solvent consisting of a C1-3 alcohol and water.