Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a sort unit for sorting original image data into edge image data and planar image data, a first coding unit for coding the sorted planar image data according to the fractal block coding method, and a second coding unit for coding the sorted edge image data according to a coding method differing from the fractal block coding method. Thus, an image processing apparatus is provided that can have picture quality of a reproduced image improved even for a block that has maximum density difference such as an edge portion.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a brightness extracting element for extracting information relating to brightness from color image data; an image attribute judging element for judging a light-color image portion in a color image; and a brightness change section which changes brightness of the light-color image portion. The image attribute judging element includes a separating device for separating foreground data and background data from the color image data; and a comparing section which, when a difference in brightness between the foreground and the background separated by said separating device is smaller than a predetermined value, judges the foreground data as data of a light-color image portion.

Abstract: A charging member which is composed of a material containing a smaller amount of an ionic electrically conductive agent, and yet has a reduced resistivity and, when being energized, is less susceptible to an increase in electrical resistance, thereby assuredly preventing an imaging failure.

Abstract: The invention has for its object to provide a composite dielectric material having any desired dielectric constant selectable from a relatively wide range in a high-frequency band and a low dielectric loss tangent, and a film, substrate, electronic part or molded or otherwise formed article using the same. To accomplish this object, there is provided a composite dielectric material composition comprising a heat-resistant, low-dielectric polymeric material that is a resin composition comprising one or two or more resins having a weight-average absolute molecular weight of at least 1,000, wherein the sum of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms in said composition is at least 99%, and some or all resin molecules have a chemical bond therebetween, and a filler. A film, substrate, electronic part or molded or otherwise formed article is obtained using this composition.

Abstract: A conductive roll sequentially has a conductive layer of an elastic material, a resistance adjusting layer, and a protective layer which are formed on an outer periphery of a shaft. The resistance adjusting layer is formed from a composition containing 10 to 150 parts by weight of an electron conductive agent, not more than two parts by weight of an ion conductive agent and 20 to 80 parts by weight of an insulating filler, relative to 100 parts by weight of nitrile rubber, or nitrile rubber hydride as a base material. The roll has a properly controlled environment dependence of its electric resistance, and avoids any trouble, such as enlarged picture defects, when employed in an electrophotographic process.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for forming an image on the basis of density data of respective picture elements corresponding to an original image, which includes a first memory for storing density data of the respective picture elements obtained by reading the original image, a multiline screen processing processor for processing the stored density data to add at least a part of density data of one of adjacent picture elements to that of another one, and a second memory for storing the processed density data. An image is formed by a printer on the basis of the density data stored in the second memory.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing polyfunctional (meth)acrylate represented by the formula (1), a monomer composition containing the (meth)acrylate, a low refractivity material prepared by curing the monomer composition, and a reflection reducing film provided with the low refractivity material. wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are the same or different groups, and each stands for a hydrogen atom, an acryloyl group, or a methacryloyl group, at least one of R1 and R2 and at least one of R3 and R4 stand for an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, R stands for a fluoroalkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and 2 or more fluorine atoms.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing polyfunctional (meth)acrylate represented by the formula (1), as well as a composition, a low refractivity material and a reflection reducing film in which the (meth)acrylate is utilized: ##STR1## wherein X stands for a fluoroalkyl group of C1-14 having 3 or more F, or a fluorocycloalkyl group of C3-14 having 4 or more F; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 stand for H, an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, and at least two of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 stand for an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group; Z stands for H or an alkyl group of C1-3; and n and m is an integer of 0 or 1, and n+m=1.

Abstract: A navigation system detects a position of a vehicle, determines an area (i.e., a State) associated with the position of the vehicle, selects and loads a program corresponding to the area for controlling the provision of one or more navigation functions, and navigates the vehicle according to the loaded program. The program is based on a rule as to a navigation that is function enforced in the area in which the vehicle is located.

Abstract: A device for discriminating an attribute of an image in a block area contained in a document image includes a device for performing a Fourier transformation based on image data in the block area and for determining a spatial frequency spectrum relating to the image in the block area; and a neural network for outputting a discrimination result as to whether or not the attribute of the image in the block area is a halftone dot image based on the spatial frequency spectrum output from the Fourier transform device.

Abstract: Image compression is accomplished by dividing an image into blocks which are encoded and compressed by finding similarities among the blocks. Image quality and speed are increased through several mechanisms such as varying the size of the blocks when image edges or test is present, by comparing the image blocks to prestored image patterns rather than other portions of the image, using raw data rather than compressed data under certain conditions and the use of inspection areas to increase the possibility of finding the most similar area quickly.

Abstract: A charging roll which is held in contact with an outer circumferential surface of an image bearing medium for charging the surface of the image bearing medium by application of a DC voltage and an AC voltage which is superimposed on the DC voltage, the charging roll comprising: a center shaft; an electrically conductive base layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of the shaft; an outer structure formed on an outer circumferential surface of the conductive base layer; and the charging roll having Asker C hardness of less than 48 degrees as measured upon application of 1 kg load thereto and micro rubber hardness in a range of 65-85 degrees as measured upon application of 33.85 g load thereto.

Abstract: A plurality of originals are successively read by an image scanner, and the read image data are stored in an image memory. A page layout control portion calculates maximum width and maximum length of an image output frame based on the read image data. A region defined by the maximum width and the maximum length to which the image data is to be output, is set for a sheet of paper, in accordance with a designated layout. The stored image data is successively output by a printing portion to the image output frame positioned on each sheet of paper.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus with a solid-state scanning optical print head reproduces tones by an intensity modulation method, corrects light dispersion of each element by a pulse modulation method, and corrects fluctuations in sensitivity characteristics of a photosensitive member by switching the drive current value of maximum light exposure.

Abstract: A print head for reproducing a multi-level image is an provided. In the print head, a light-emitting array comprises a linear line of light-emitting elements. A D/A converter converts a multi-level image data to an analog signal, and an analog shift register shifts and latches the analog signals of a line received from the D/A converter. An analog latch register latches the analog signals held by the analog shift register. A driver controls the quantity of light of the light-emitting elements according to the analog signals latched by the analog latch register. In one embodiment, the print head includes a second analog shift register, an A/D converter a line memory and a divider which divides the image data by a signal from the line memory to produce corrected data which is provided to the driver to control driving of the light-emitting elements.

Abstract: In a shadow process mode, a scanner reads out an original with a first exposure lamp in a first scanning operation. The readout image data is stored in an image memory via an I/O control unit. In the second scanning operation, the scanner reads out the original with a second exposure lamp having an illumination direction different from that of the first exposure lamp. The image data read out in the second scanning operation and the data stored in the image memory are subtracted for each pixel by a subtractor. The difference thereof is compared with a predetermined value in a comparator. The compared result is output to a selector, whereby a desired image data is provided to a printer processing unit via the I/O control unit.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, when images are formed on a sheet on and after a second round of an image forming operation, an image forming pitch by a print head which linearly forms the images in the direction perpendicular to the image forming line is controlled so as to vary from the preceding pitch corresponding to the rate of expansion and contraction of the sheet in the preceding image forming operation. When images are formed on a sheet on and after the second round of the image forming operation, the length of the image to be formed is controlled for expansion and contraction corresponding to the actual rate of expansion and contraction automatically detected by a size detecting sensor in the preceding image forming operation.

Abstract: A depositing method of wall concrete, in which unset concrete is deposited in a form, includes the step of disposing a non-hygroscopic soft sheet which has a large number of hollow projections or ridges on an inner surface of the form being deformable when lateral pressure is applied thereto by the hardening of the concrete.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image composed of an assembly of a large number of picture elements arranged in a matrix. The apparatus includes a detector for detecting whether or not each of the picture elements is positioned in a corner of the image and a correcting circuit for reducing the size of the picture element positioned on the corner of the image, so that the picture element on the corner of the image acts to improve the linkage between the picture elements in the peripheral portion of the corner.

Abstract: A shredding machine has a rotary cutter and a fixed cutter. The rotary cutter includes a cutter part with a spiral cutting edge and a flute, and a column part for rotatably holding by a holding member for rotation of the rotary cutter. The fixed cutter has a cutting edge contacting with the cutter part of the rotary cutter. In rotating the rotary cutter, longitudinal slips of documents are fed between the cutters so that the documents enter the flute of the rotary cutter to cut the slips into chips by cooperation between the cutting edge of the rotary cutter and the cutting edge of the fixed cutter.