Abstract: A braking pressure control apparatus including a first pressure source including a power-operated pressurizing device, a second pressure source operable by a manually operable brake operating member to pressurize a fluid to a pressure higher than a level corresponding to the operating force of the brake operating member, a switching device for selectively placing the braking system in a first state in which a brake cylinder is operated with the fluid pressurized by the first pressure source and a second state in which the brake cylinder is operated with the fluid pressurized by the second pressure source, and a change restricting device operable upon a switching between the first and second states, to restrict a change of the operating state of the brake operating member and a change of the brake cylinder pressure, which change take place due to the switching, or a switching control device for controlling the switching device on the basis of the running condition of a vehicle whose wheel is braked by the brak

Abstract: In a light source for generating light containing multiple wavelengths substantially uniform in intensity, a wavelength demultiplexing element 10 (for example, waveguide-type wavelength selecting filter) demultiplexes input light into a plurality of wavelengths &lgr;1 through &lgr;32. optical amplifiers 14-1 through 14-32 amplify outputs of the element 10 and applies them to input ports of a wavelength multiplexing element 12. The wavelength multiplexing element 12 wavelength-multiplexes their input. Output of the wavelength multiplexing element 12 is applied to a fiber coupler 16 which, in turn, applies one of its outputs to the wavelength demultiplexing element 10. The optical amplifiers 14 have a gain larger by approximately 10 dB than the loss in the optical loop made of the element 10, optical amplifier 14, element 12 and fiber coupler 16. The other output of the fiber coupler 16 is wavelength-multiplex light containing wavelengths &lgr;1 through &lgr;32.

Abstract: In a light source for generating light containing multiple wavelengths substantially uniform in intensity, a wavelength demultiplexing element 10 (for example, waveguide-type wavelength selecting filter) demultiplexes input light into a plurality of wavelengths &lgr;1 through &lgr;32. Optical amplifiers 14-1 through 14-32 amplify outputs of the element 10 and applies them to input ports of a wavelength multiplexing element 12. The wavelength multiplexing element 12 wavelength-multiplexes their input. Output of the wavelength multiplexing element 12 is applied to a fiber coupler 16 which, in turn, applies one of its outputs to the wavelength demultiplexing element 10. The optical amplifiers 14 have a gain larger by approximately 10 dB than the loss in the optical loop made of the element 10, optical amplifier 14, element 12 and fiber coupler 16. The other output of the fiber coupler 16 is wavelength-multiplex light containing wavelengths &lgr;1 through &lgr;32.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly light-transmitting dust protective film composed of at least one member selected from the group consisting of transparent gels of oxides, hydroxides, organic group-containing oxides and organic group-containing hydroxides of polyvalent metals, formed by the sol-gel process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly light-transmitting dust protective film composed of at least one member selected from the group consisting of transparent gels of oxides, hydroxides, organic group-containing oxides and organic group-containing hydroxides of polyvalent metals, formed by the sol-gel process.

Abstract: A method of calculating heat input to an alloying furnace which includes heat input means for use in the production of hot galvanized band steel comprising conveying a band steel of a selected steel variety through the alloying furnace and forming a plated deposition on the band steel in the alloying furnace comprising an alloyed layer of iron and zinc, establishing a formula defining a correlation between heat input and at least the steel variety, the plated deposition and the conveying speed of the band steel, inputting information which relates at least to the steel variety, the plated deposition, and the conveying speed, determining the heat input on the basis of the information inputted, and using the determined heat input to control the heat input means of the alloying furnace thereby controlling the formation of the iron and zinc alloyed layer plated deposition.

Abstract: A plate temperature and an emissivity are determined at the outlet of an insulated heated zone, and compensations are established which reduce deviations between the respective measured values and the respective target values. A heat input is compensated for in accordance with the greater one of the compensations relating to the plate temperature and the emissivity, respectively. For a U-pattern material, .DELTA.Q is previously added to the heat input for the leading and the trailing end portion of the material. The band steel is irradiated by laser radiation at the outlet of the heating zone in order to detect the degree of alloying on the basis of the intensity of reflected radiation. When an unalloyed surface is detected, a target value of the heat input is modified. ITV camera is used to determine the optical reflectivity of the surface of the band steel at the outlet of a cooling zone in order to detect the degree of alloying.

Abstract: An optical frequency multiplex carrier control system which permits high-accuracy, high-speed stabilization control of the frequency of an optical signal. Based on the fact that the time waveform of the output signal from scanning type Fabry-Perot which receives the output optical signal from an optical frequency multiplexer is composed of pulse signals corresponding to an optical frequency standard and spectrum multiplex carriers of the output optical signal, the time intervals between the pulse corresponding to the optical frequency standard and pulses corresponding to the spectra of a scanning signal and each multiplexed carrier are measured by a counter having a high-accuracy clock, and variations in the optical frequency scanning region of the scanning type Fabry-Perot and in each carrier frequency with respect to the optical frequency standard are detected by hardware, with high accuracy, as variations in the pulse intervals, thereby stabilizing the frequencies of the multiplexed optical carriers.

Abstract: A method of optical phase detection, in which a signal light polarized linearly and a local light emitted from a local light laser light source are combined with each other so that an in-phase component and a quadrature component, which is 90 degrees behind the local light in phase and is combined with the signal light, are taken out; and the in-phase component is demodulated while the phase of the signal light and that of the local light are synchronized with each other through the use of the in-phase component and the quadrature component, in which the signal light and the local light are separated into mutually-perpendicular P-polarized and S-polarized components by first and second polarization beam splitters; the phases of the P-polarized or S-polarized components are regulated by first and second optical phase compensation plates so that the polarized components of the signal light are kept in phase with each other, but the polarized components of the local light have a phase difference of 90 degrees be