Abstract: A gas analysis apparatus includes: a first reflector that reflects measurement light from a light emitting unit disposed outside a gas flue wall and transmitted through a sample gas. A light receiving unit outside the gas flue wall receives measurement light reflected by the first reflector. A second reflector outside the gas flue wall reflects measurement light toward the light receiving unit. A computing unit analyzes sample gas by allowing the measurement light to be reflected by the first reflector and performs correction or calibration of the gas analysis apparatus using known substances within an associated containing unit along the light path between the light emitting unit and the second reflector by allowing measurement light to be reflected by the second reflector. A switching unit outside the gas flue wall selectively removes or inserts the second reflector from the light path during component concentration analysis and correction or calibration, respectively.

Abstract: An information obtaining system in a vehicle is provided. The information obtaining system includes a nonvolatile memory built into the vehicle, vehicle information relating to the vehicle being stored in the nonvolatile memory; a portable reader device which is not incorporated into the vehicle and can be carried by a person, the portable reader device being configured to read out the vehicle information from the nonvolatile memory, encrypt the vehicle information, and store the encrypted vehicle information, and being capable of outputting the encrypted vehicle information; and an analyzing device which is not incorporated into the vehicle, the analyzing device being separate from the portable reader device, and configured to decrypt the encrypted vehicle information output from the portable reader device into the vehicle information.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a novel NAD+-independent myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase which converts myo-inositol into scyllo-inosose in the absence of NAD+; a novel enzyme scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase which stereospecifically reduces scyllo-inosose into scyllo-inositol in the presence of NADH or NADPH; and a novel microorganism which belongs to the genus Acetobacter or Burkholderia and can convert myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol. By using these enzymes or the microorganism, scyllo-inositol is produced. Furthermore, scyllo-inositol is purified by adding boric acid and a metal salt to a liquid mixture containing scyllo-inositol and a neutral saccharide other than scyllo-inositol to form a scyllo-inositol/boric acid complex, separating the complex from the liquid mixture, dissolving the thus separated complex in an acid to give an acidic solution or an acidic suspension and then purifying scyllo-inositol from the acidic solution or the acidic suspension.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition which includes (A) a cyclic olefin; (B) at least either one of a monomer having a cyclic ether group and an oligomer having a cyclic ether group, having a refractive index different from that of the component (A); and (C) a photoacid generator, is provided.

Abstract: A position detection device includes a first member, a second member, a plurality of detected components, a detector group, and a controller. The second member is opposed the first member and is configured to move relative to the first member in a specific direction. The plurality of detected components are disposed on the first member and faces the second member. The detector group is disposed on the second member and includes a plurality of detectors configured to detect the plurality of detected components. The controller is configured to detect a relative position of the second member relative to the first member based on a detection pattern in which detection results of the plurality of detectors are arranged in a row.

Abstract: A sensor capable of detecting light, hydrogen gas, and air pressure includes a metal oxide film produced by a process including the steps of: (a) forming an organic film by using a primer composition containing (i) an addition polymerizable compound including three or more reactive groups, (ii) an addition polymerizable compound including an acid group, and (iii) an addition polymerizable compound including a hydrophilic functional group; (b) forming a metal (M1) salt from the acid group; (c) substituting the metal (M1) salt of the acid group with a metal (M2) salt by treating the organic film with a metal (M2) ion aqueous solution; (d) reducing the metal (M2) ion so that a metal film is formed on a surface of the organic film; and (e) oxidizing the metal film.

Abstract: According to the electronic apparatus and cellular phone of the present invention, in an optical waveguide forming body of a flexible cable, an air layer is provided in a deforming section which experiences bending deformation as a result of the movement of a second body relative to a first body (either a pivoting or sliding movement), and the position of this air layer becomes located on the outer circumferential side of a core when the deforming section undergoes bending deformation. As a result of this, it is possible to ensure sufficient flexibility and to also achieve a sufficient improvement in the folding endurance of the core portion for this optical waveguide forming body to be utilized in practical applications. Moreover, it is possible to suppress light loss and achieve high-speed, large-capacity transmissions even when the optical waveguide forming body of a flexible cable experiences bending deformation due to the relative movement of the second body relative to the first body.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a novel NAD+-independent myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase which converts myo-inositol into scyllo-inosose in the absence of NAD+; a novel enzyme scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase which stereospecifically reduces scyllo-inosose into scyllo-inositol in the presence of NADH or NADPH; and a novel microorganism which belongs to the genus Acetobacter or Burkholderia and can convert myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol. By using these enzymes or the microorganism, scyllo-inositol is produced. Furthermore, scyllo-inositol is purified by adding boric acid and a metal salt to a liquid mixture containing scyllo-inositol and a neutral saccharide other than scyllo-inositol to form a scyllo-inositol/boric acid complex, separating the complex from the liquid mixture, dissolving the thus separated complex in an acid to give an acidic solution or an acidic suspension and then purifying scyllo-inositol from the acidic solution or the acidic suspension.

Abstract: An optical waveguide has: a core layer which includes at least one core portion for transmitting a light signal and at least two side cladding portions respectively provided at lateral sides of the core portion so as to be opposed to each other; and two cladding layers respectively provided at vertical sides of the core layer. The core layer is configured to have a horizontal refractive index distribution curve W in a width direction of a cross-sectional plane of the core layer. The horizontal refractive index distribution curve W has a region including at least two local minimum values, at least one first local maximum value and at least two second local maximum values smaller than the first local maximum value. A refractive index in whole of the horizontal refractive index distribution curve W continuously varies.

Abstract: An optical waveguide including a first cladding layer; a core layer, including first and second core sections with cladding sections on sides thereof in the in-layer direction; and a second cladding layer. A refractive index distribution in the in-layer direction in the core layer, from the first core section to an adjacent cladding section, has a continuous change and a region with a first peak, a first dip, and a second peak in this order; the first peak at a position of the first core section, the second peak with a maximum value of refractive index smaller than of the first peak, at a position of the cladding section, and a portion, from the first cladding layer to the first core section, corresponded to a refractive index distribution in the layer-stacking direction, discontinuously changing at the boundary between the first cladding layer and first core section.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide waveguide structures and methods of forming such structures where core and laterally adjacent cladding regions are defined. Some embodiments of the present invention provide waveguide structures where core regions are collectively surrounded by laterally adjacent cladding regions and cladding layers and methods of forming such structures.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a novel NAD+-independent myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase which converts myo-inositol into scyllo-inosose in the absence of NAD+; a novel enzyme scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase which stereospecifically reduces scyllo-inosose into scyllo-inositol in the presence of NADH or NADPH; and a novel microorganism which belongs to the genus Acetobacter or Burkholderia and can convert myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol. By using these enzymes or the microorganism, scyllo-inositol is produced. Furthermore, scyllo-inositol is purified by adding boric acid and a metal salt to a liquid mixture containing scyllo-inositol and a neutral saccharide other than scyllo-inositol to form a scyllo-inositol/boric acid complex, separating the complex from the liquid mixture, dissolving the thus separated complex in an acid to give an acidic solution or an acidic suspension and then purifying scyllo-inositol from the acidic solution or the acidic suspension.

Abstract: N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine can be produced by cultivating a fungus capable of producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, such as Trichoderma hamatum AB 10282 strain (FERM BP-10623) or Trichoderma harzianum AB10283 strain (FERM BP-10624), in a culture medium supplemented with a carbon source other than chitin and chitin oligosaccharide and a nitrogen source to produce and accumulate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the culture medium and then collecting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from the culture medium.

Abstract: An information obtaining system in a vehicle is provided. The information obtaining system includes a nonvolatile memory built into the vehicle, vehicle information relating to the vehicle being stored in the nonvolatile memory; a portable reader device which is not incorporated into the vehicle and can be carried by a person, the portable reader device being configured to read out the vehicle information from the nonvolatile memory, encrypt the vehicle information, and store the encrypted vehicle information, and being capable of outputting the encrypted vehicle information; and an analyzing device which is not incorporated into the vehicle, the analyzing device being separate from the portable reader device, and configured to decrypt the encrypted vehicle information output from the portable reader device into the vehicle information.

Abstract: The present invention provides (i) a process for producing a metal film with which process a metal film and a metal pattern can be formed, at low cost, on an arbitrary substrate, (ii) a primer composition, (iii) a metal film, and (iv) use of the metal film. The process includes the steps of: forming an organic film with use of a primer composition which contains (i) an addition polymerizable compound including three or more reactive groups, (ii) an addition polymerizable compound including an acid group, (iii) an addition polymerizable compound including a basic group, and (iv) an addition polymerizable compound including a hydrophilic functional group; form a metal (M1) salt from the acid group; substituting the metal (M1) salt of the acid group with a metal (M2) salt by processing with a metal (M2) ion aqueous solution containing a metal (M2) ion which has a less ionization tendency than the metal (M1) ion; and reducing the metal (M2) ion so that a metal film is formed on a surface of the organic film.

Abstract: A half mirror has a shape on a substrate and excels in appearance and design and is fabricated by a method. The method includes forming an organic film by applying, onto a transparent substrate or film, a primer composition containing an addition-polymerizable compound having three or more reactive groups, an addition-polymerizable compound having an acidic group, and an addition-polymerizable compound having a hydrophilic functional group, and polymerizing the primer composition. The method includes turning the acidic group into a metal (M1) salt by treating the organic film with an aqueous solution containing metal (M1) ions, and turning the metal (M1) salt into a metal (M2) salt by treating the organic film with a metal (M2) ion aqueous solution containing metal (M2) ions that are lower in ionization tendency than metal (M1) ions, and (d) reducing metal (M2) ions to form a metal film on a surface of the organic film.

Abstract: The method of producing a metal film in accordance with the present invention includes: the organic film forming step of applying, onto a substrate or a film, an underlayer composition containing an addition polymerizable compound having three or more reactive groups, an addition polymerizable compound having acid groups, and an addition polymerizable compound having hydrophilic functional groups and polymerizing the composition, to form an organic film; the metal salt producing step of processing the organic film with an aqueous solution containing metal (M1) ions, to convert the acid groups to a metal (M1) salt; the metal fixing step of processing the organic film processed with the aqueous solution containing metal (M1) ions with an aqueous metal (M2) ion solution containing metal (M2) ions having lower ionicity than the metal (M1) ions, to convert the metal (M1) salt of the acid groups to a metal (M2) salt; and the reduction step of reducing the metal (M2) ions, to form a metal film on a surface of the or

Abstract: The process of the present invention for producing a metal film includes: forming an organic film using a primer composition containing an addition polymerizable compound including three or more reactive groups, an acid group-including addition polymerizable compound, and a hydrophilic functional group-including addition polymerizable compound; forming a metal (M1) salt from the acid group; substituting the metal (M1) salt of the acid group with a metal (M2) salt by processing the organic film with a metal (M2) ion aqueous solution containing a metal (M2) ion having less ionization tendency than the metal (M1) ion; reducing the metal (M2) ion so that a metal film is formed on a surface of the organic film; and oxidizing the metal film. This provides (i) a process for producing a metal film and a metal pattern, at low cost, on an arbitrary substrate, (ii) a metal film, and (iii) use of the meta film.

Abstract: A flash unit includes a flash device operable to emit flash, a storage member operable to store the flash device, a cover with which the storage member is covered from above, and to which the flash device is attached, a first link member that is turnably connected to the storage member at one end and turnably connected to the cover at another end, and a retaining member.

Abstract: A substrate on which an optical element is mounted is provided, including: an optical element; an optical circuit substrate which is formed by an optical waveguide layer having a core portion and cladding portions; and an electrical circuit substrate on which is provided a mounting portion that is used for mounting the optical element, wherein the optical element is mounted on the electrical circuit substrate via the optical circuit substrate and wherein the optical circuit substrate has an optical element mounted thereon and is provided with a receptor structure having a conductive portion that conducts electricity between an electrode of the optical element and an electrode of the electrical circuit substrate.