Abstract: To be able to activate a self-device when an input digital audio signal is an audio signal indicating sound. An AV receiver 1 includes a detection circuit 4 that detects that a digital audio signal terminal is connected and supplies a detection signal, a DIR 5 that converts an SPDIF signal into an I2S signal when the detection circuit 4 supplies the detection signal, a detection circuit 7 that detects that the I2S signal into which the DIR 5 convers is an audio signal indicating sound and supplies a detection signal, and a microcomputer 2 that activates the AV receiver 1 when the detection circuit 7 supplies the detection signal.

Abstract: To be able to activate a self-device when an input digital audio signal is an audio signal indicating sound. AnAV receiver 1 includes a detection circuit 4 that detects that a digital audio signal terminal is connected and supplies a detection signal, a DIR 5 that converts an SPDIF signal into an I2S signal when the detection circuit 4 supplies the detection signal, a detection circuit 7 that detects that the I2S signal into which the DIR5 convers is an audio signal indicating sound and supplies a detection signal, and a microcomputer 2 that activates the AV receiver 1 when the detection circuit 7 supplies the detection signal.

Abstract: A grating of the present invention has a groove cross section shaped, for example, like a sinusoidal wave or a sawtooth other than a laminar shape, and a groove bottom part shaped as a flat form. In a region wherein the groove cycle and the used wavelength are the same degree for wavelengths from near infrared to infrared, the grating of the present invention has the excellent spectrum performance (high efficiency in balance in a wide wavelength zone) more than a holographic grating and an echellette grating in related arts. When replicas for the grating of the present invention are manufactured, the engagement force of grooves with each other is small as the groove aspect ratio is small, and a release agent sufficiently reaches the groove bottom as the groove bottom is large.

Abstract: A grating of the present invention has a groove cross section shaped, for example, like a sinusoidal wave or a sawtooth other than a laminar shape, and a groove bottom part shaped as a flat form. In a region wherein the groove cycle and the used wavelength are the same degree for wavelengths from near infrared to infrared, the grating of the present invention has the excellent spectrum performance (high efficiency in balance in a wide wavelength zone) more than a holographic grating and an echellette grating in related arts. When replicas for the grating of the present invention are manufactured, the engagement force of grooves with each other is small as the groove aspect ratio is small, and a release agent sufficiently reaches the groove bottom as the groove bottom is large.

Abstract: A grating of the present invention has a groove cross section shaped, for example, like a sinusoidal wave or a sawtooth other than a laminar shape, and a groove bottom part shaped as a flat form. In a region wherein the groove cycle and the used wavelength are the same degree for wavelengths from near infrared to infrared, the grating of the present invention has the excellent spectrum performance (high efficiency in balance in a wide wavelength zone) more than a holographic grating and an echellette grating in related arts. When replicas for the grating of the present invention are manufactured, the engagement force of grooves with each other is small as the groove aspect ratio is small, and a release agent sufficiently reaches the groove bottom as the groove bottom is large.

Abstract: A method for screening a nucleic acid library for a nucleic acid encoding a protein that interacts with a target substance, which comprises: the step of producing a library of assigning molecules each comprising a protein and a nucleic acid encoding the protein linked to each other via a linker cleavable under a condition that does not change a nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid; the step of mixing the library of assigning molecules and the target substance; the step of separating an assigning molecule binding to the target substance; the step of cleaving a linker of the separated assigning molecule under a condition that does not change a nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid to release the nucleic acid; and the step of collecting the released nucleic acid. By this method, screening for an assigning molecule that specifically binds to a target substance can be conducted with high efficiency.

Abstract: A grating of the present invention has a groove cross section shaped, for example, like a sinusoidal wave or a sawtooth other than a laminar shape, and a groove bottom part shaped as a flat form. In a region wherein the groove cycle and the used wavelength are the same degree for wavelengths from near infrared to infrared, the grating of the present invention has the excellent spectrum performance (high efficiency in balance in a wide wavelength zone) more than a holographic grating and an echellette grating in related arts. When replicas for the grating of the present invention are manufactured, the engagement force of grooves with each other is small as the groove aspect ratio is small, and a release agent sufficiently reaches the groove bottom as the groove bottom is large.

Abstract: The present invention discloses diffraction gratings which do not generate any thermal strain and can perform extremely high-precision and high-efficiency diffraction nearly free from scattered beams. The diffraction gratings are built by allowing the chemically deposited film of silicon carbide whose crystal planes are strongly oriented to the (220) planes in terms of Miller indices to form on the substrate comprising sintered silicon carbide, polishing the surface of the deposited film to 5 .ANG. RMS or less, and directly etched laminar-type grating grooves on that surface by using ion-beam etching.

Abstract: A dry etching method for etching a surface of a substrate with plasma of mixed gas including i) gas that is reactive to the material of the substrate, and ii) inert gas. Accumulation of reaction products between the substrate and the reactive gas ions on the substrate is effectively eliminated by the ions of the inert gas plasma. Accordingly the etching rate of the substrate is not lowered. Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the most suitable object of the plasma etching of the present invention, since it is hard to engrave by conventional dry etching methods.