Abstract: A spacecraft including: an engine; a thrust vector control device controlling a thrust vector as a direction of a thrust acting on the spacecraft; and a main control device configured to acquire state quantities of the spacecraft in a powered descending in which the spacecraft is guided to a target point while the engine generates the thrust, and generate a throttling command by which combustion of the engine is controlled and an operation command by which the thrust vector control device is operated. The state quantities contain a first acceleration parameter and a second acceleration parameter. The first and second acceleration parameters are calculated as coefficients A and B obtained by fitting based on acceleration of the spacecraft previously detected, supposing the following equation is satisfied between a reciprocal number 1/a of the acceleration a of the spacecraft and time t: 1/a=?At+B??(1).

Abstract: In order to efficiently exchange indoor air and outdoor air, to reduce power consumption, and to reduce discomfort to a user, damper, which switches between a heat exchange exhaust air path and a normal ventilation air path, is provided in an exhaust air path. In addition, a discomfort index is calculated from detection results of indoor temperature sensor provided on indoor-side inlet and outdoor temperature sensor provided on outdoor-side inlet. Further, controller, which switches between the heat exchange exhaust air path and the normal ventilation air path so as not to cause discomfort to the user, is provided to control damper.

Abstract: In order to efficiently exchange indoor air and outdoor air, to reduce power consumption, and to reduce discomfort to a user, damper, which switches between a heat exchange exhaust air path and a normal ventilation air path, is provided in an exhaust air path. In addition, a discomfort index is calculated from detection results of indoor temperature sensor provided on indoor-side inlet and outdoor temperature sensor provided on outdoor-side inlet. Further, controller, which switches between the heat exchange exhaust air path and the normal ventilation air path so as not to cause discomfort to the user, is provided to control damper.

Abstract: A first ventilation apparatus of ventilation apparatuses which form a ventilation system includes: a first information transmission part (18a); a first information reception part (19a); and a first control part (17a). The first control part (17a) includes: a first total ventilation air volume determination part (20a); a first-ventilation-apparatus first air volume decision part (21a); and a first air volume detection part (22a).

Abstract: A flight control method and device for correcting a reference trajectory based on a distance from a current position to a target position in a spacecraft in flight. A CPU included in the spacecraft generates a reference trajectory which is a trajectory for allowing the spacecraft in flight to arrive at the target position on a celestial body with the atmosphere, and which is identified based on velocity or energy of the spacecraft and on drag acceleration of the spacecraft. The CPU calculates a ratio between the range that is a distance from the current position based on the reference trajectory to the target position, and the real range that is a real distance from a current position to the target position, and corrects the reference trajectory by calculating the drag acceleration in the reference trajectory using the calculated ratio.

Abstract: A flight control method and device for correcting a reference trajectory based on a distance from a current position to a target position in a spacecraft in flight. A CPU included in the spacecraft generates a reference trajectory which is a trajectory for allowing the spacecraft in flight to arrive at the target position on a celestial body with the atmosphere, and which is identified based on velocity or energy of the spacecraft and on drag acceleration of the spacecraft. The CPU calculates a ratio between the range that is a distance from the current position based on the reference trajectory to the target position, and the real range that is a real distance from a current position to the target position, and corrects the reference trajectory by calculating the drag acceleration in the reference trajectory using the calculated ratio.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to a first airflow guide device covering an upper portion of a polygon mirror and having respective opening portions in an upper surface and a lower surface. The lower surface opening portion can have an annular wall opened in the direction all around the perimeter of the polygon mirror, facilitating an airflow path capable of circulating an airflow between the upper surface opening portion and the lower surface opening portion. Thus, airflow generated in a vertical direction in association with the rotation of the polygon motor, is guided, and variations in pressure applied to the polygon motor are reduced, thus facilitating an increase in the rotation accuracy of the polygon motor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sheet conveying apparatus comprising a communication device, which performs communications with an RFID tag attached to a sheet material passing through a conveyance path, wherein a maximum communicable distance between the communication device and the RFID tag on the conveyance path is smaller than a sum of an interval between sheet materials to be sequentially conveyed onto the conveyance path and a length of the sheet material in a conveyance direction.

Abstract: There is provided a light beam scanning apparatus which deflects a light beam from a light source by using a deflector and scans the surface of a photosensitive member with a focused light beam. The light beam scanning apparatus includes a first electro-optical element placed on the optical axis of the light beam between the light source and the deflector. The first electro-optical element includes an electro-optical crystal and transparent electrodes respectively provided on surfaces of the electro-optical crystal which oppose each other in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: There is provided a light beam scanning apparatus which deflects a light beam from a light source by using a deflector and scans the surface of a photosensitive member with a focused light beam. The light beam scanning apparatus includes a first electro-optical element placed on the optical axis of the light beam between the light source and the deflector. The first electro-optical element includes an electro-optical crystal and transparent electrodes respectively provided on surfaces of the electro-optical crystal which oppose each other in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus comprising: an exposing means and a developing means. The developing means comprises a plurality of developing devices, a rotating member rotatable while supporting the plurality of the developing devices, and a driving means for the rotation drive of the rotating member for selectively moving the plurality of the developing devices to the developing position such that the driving means transmits driving force to the rotating member via a gear at a drive transmitting position. An angle ?e(°) formed by a straight line linking the rotation center of the rotating member and the drive transmitting position and the tangent of the image bearing member at an exposing position in the image bearing member moving direction satisfies the following relationship with the premise that an pressure angle of the gear is ?(°) and the image bearing member rotating direction is positive:????e??.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus comprising: an exposing means and a developing means. The developing means comprises a plurality of developing devices, a rotating member rotatable while supporting the plurality of the developing devices, and a driving means for the rotation drive of the rotating member for selectively moving the plurality of the developing devices to the developing position such that the driving means transmits driving force to the rotating member via a gear at a drive transmitting position. An angle ?e(°) formed by a straight line linking the rotation center of the rotating member and the drive transmitting position and the tangent of the image bearing member at an exposing position in the image bearing member moving direction satisfies the following relationship with the premise that an pressure angle of the gear is ?(°) and the image bearing member rotating direction is positive:????e??.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus comprising: an exposing means and a developing means. The developing means comprises a plurality of developing devices, a rotating member rotatable while supporting the plurality of the developing devices, and a driving means for the rotation drive of the rotating member for selectively moving the plurality of the developing devices to the developing position such that the driving means transmits driving force to the rotating member via a gear at a drive transmitting position. An angle ?e(°) formed by a straight line linking the rotation center of the rotating member and the drive transmitting position and the tangent of the image bearing member at an exposing position in the image bearing member moving direction satisfies the following relationship with the premise that an pressure angle of the gear is ?(°) and the image bearing member rotating direction is positive: ????e??.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to a first airflow guide device covering an upper portion of a polygon mirror and having respective opening portions in an upper surface and a lower surface. The lower surface opening portion can have an annular wall opened in the direction all around the perimeter of the polygon mirror, facilitating an airflow path capable of circulating an airflow between the upper surface opening portion and the lower surface opening portion. Thus, airflow generated in a vertical direction in association with the rotation of the polygon motor, is guided, and variations in pressure applied to the polygon motor are reduced, thus facilitating an increase in the rotation accuracy of the polygon motor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sheet conveying apparatus comprising a communication device, which performs communications with an RFID tag attached to a sheet material passing through a conveyance path, wherein a maximum communicable distance between the communication device and the RFID tag on the conveyance path is smaller than a sum of an interval between sheet materials to be sequentially conveyed onto the conveyance path and a length of the sheet material in a conveyance direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus comprising: an exposing means and a developing means. The developing means comprises a plurality of developing devices, a rotating member rotatable while supporting the plurality of the developing devices, and a driving means for the rotation drive of the rotating member for selectively moving the plurality of the developing devices to the developing position such that the driving means transmits driving force to the rotating member via a gear at a drive transmitting position. An angle ?e(°) formed by a straight line linking the rotation center of the rotating member and the drive transmitting position and the tangent of the image bearing member at an exposing position in the image bearing member moving direction satisfies the following relationship with the premise that an pressure angle of the gear is ?(°) and the image bearing member rotating direction is positive: ????e??.

Abstract: This invention provides an image reading device capable of precise detection of the optical signal over a wide wavelength range, by forming a photoelectric converting unit for converting the visible light into an electrical signal and a photoelectric converting unit for converting the invisible light into an electrical signal, in monolithic manner on a single semiconductor chip.

Abstract: An image processor includes a first reader which obtains a first signal corresponding to visible information read on an original, and a second reader which obtains a second signal corresponding to invisible information on the original. A comparator compares the first and second signals to discriminate a predetermined pattern on the original.

Abstract: An invisible information detection apparatus includes parts that irradiate a light onto a medium, detect infrared light generated from the medium, and judge a specific pattern consisting of a combination of two areas on the medium in accordance with the detection result. One of the areas represents higher reflectance than the reflectance of the medium in substantially the same infrared wavelength region, and the other area represents lower reflectance than that of the medium. An invisible information detection method comprises an irradiation step, a detection step and a judgment step. The judgment step judges a specific pattern of a combination of two areas on the medium in accordance with the result from the detection step. One of the areas represents higher reflectance, and the other area represents lower reflectance, as compared to the reflectance of the medium, in substantially the same infrared wavelength region.

Abstract: This invention provides an image reading device capable of precise detection of the optical signal over a wide wavelength range, by forming a photoelectric converting unit for converting the visible light into an electrical signal and a photoelectric converting unit for converting the invisible light into an electrical signal, in monolithic manner on a single semiconductor chip.