Abstract: A control device and method controls a vehicle having an internal combustion engine connected to an automatic transmission via a torque converter with a lockup device. The torque of the internal combustion engine is limited the by a torque limit value based on a speed difference between an input rotational speed and an output rotational speed of the torque converter during acceleration in a non-lockup state. The torque-limiting of the internal combustion engine is prohibited torque-limiting upon a prescribed condition being met. The prescribed condition is met by a heating request, during hill climbing/towing, during travel at high vehicle speeds, when the accelerator pedal opening angle exceeds or is equal to a prescribed opening angle, when the torque limit value is greater than a target torque, in a range other than a D range, or in a mode other than normal mode.

Abstract: A method for producing carbamate including a urea production step; a carbamate-forming step; an ammonia separation step of absorbing the gas with water in the presence of carbonate to produce a gas absorption water, and separating ammonia; an aqueous alcohol solution separation step of separating an aqueous alcohol solution from the gas absorption water; an ammonia/carbon dioxide separation step of separating carbon dioxide gas from the aqueous ammonia solution in the gas absorption water from which the aqueous alcohol solution is separated; an aqueous ammonia solution reusing step of mixing the aqueous ammonia solution and carbonate with the water to be used for production of the gas absorption water.

Abstract: A method for producing carbamate including a urea production step; a carbamate-forming step; an ammonia separation step of absorbing the gas with water in the presence of carbonate to produce a gas absorption water, and separating ammonia; an aqueous alcohol solution separation step of separating an aqueous alcohol solution from the gas absorption water; an ammonia/carbon dioxide separation step of separating carbon dioxide gas from the aqueous ammonia solution in the gas absorption water from which the aqueous alcohol solution is separated; an aqueous ammonia solution reusing step of mixing the aqueous ammonia solution and carbonate with the water to be used for production of the gas absorption water.

Abstract: A method for producing carbamate including a urea production step; a carbamate-forming step; an ammonia separation step of absorbing the gas with water in the presence of carbonate to produce a gas absorption water, and separating ammonia; an aqueous alcohol solution separation step of separating an aqueous alcohol solution from the gas absorption water; an ammonia/carbon dioxide separation step of separating carbon dioxide gas from the aqueous ammonia solution in the gas absorption water from which the aqueous alcohol solution is separated; an aqueous ammonia solution reusing step of mixing the aqueous ammonia solution and carbonate with the water to be used for production of the gas absorption water.

Abstract: A Rankine cycle (6) of a waste heat utilization device includes a circulation path (7) for circulating a working fluid therethrough, an evaporator (12) for causing heat to transfer from cooling water delivered from an internal combustion engine (2) to the working fluid to evaporate the working fluid, a superheater (10) for causing heat to transfer from the cooling water delivered from an exhaust gas heat exchanger (8) to the working fluid delivered from the evaporator to superheat the working fluid, an expander (22) for expanding the working fluid delivered from the superheater to produce driving force, a condenser (24) for condensing the working fluid delivered from the expander, and a pump (28) for feeding the working fluid delivered from the condenser to the evaporator. The evaporator, the superheater, the expander, the condenser and the pump are successively inserted in the working fluid circulation path.

Abstract: A method for producing carbamate including a urea production step; a carbamate-forming step: an ammonia separation step of absorbing the gas with water in the presence of carbonate to produce a gas absorption water, and separating ammonia; an aqueous alcohol solution separation step of separating an aqueous alcohol solution from the gas absorption water; an ammonia/carbon dioxide separation step of separating carbon dioxide gas from the aqueous ammonia solution in the gas absorption water from which the aqueous alcohol solution is separated; an aqueous ammonia solution reusing step of mixing the aqueous ammonia solution and carbonate with the water to be used for production of the gas absorption water.

Abstract: A Rankine cycle (6) of a waste heat utilization device includes a circulation path (7) for circulating a working fluid therethrough, an evaporator (12) for causing heat to transfer from cooling water delivered from an internal combustion engine (2) to the working fluid to evaporate the working fluid, a superheater (10) for causing heat to transfer from the cooling water delivered from an exhaust gas heat exchanger (8) to the working fluid delivered from the evaporator to superheat the working fluid, an expander (22) for expanding the working fluid delivered from the superheater to produce driving force, a condenser (24) for condensing the working fluid delivered from the expander, and a pump (28) for feeding the working fluid delivered from the condenser to the evaporator. The evaporator, the superheater, the expander, the condenser and the pump are successively inserted in the working fluid circulation path.

Abstract: Disclosed is a film forming method using a film forming gas composed of a metal alkoxide wherein clean film formation suppressed in contamination of a target substrate to be processed is achieved by restraining aluminum or an aluminum alloy in the processing chamber from dissolving. Specifically disclosed is method for forming a thin film on a target substrate to be processed which is held in a processing chamber, and this method comprises a step for heating the target substrate and a step for supplying a film forming gas into the processing chamber. This method is characterized in that the film forming gas is composed of a metal alkoxide, the processing chamber is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a protective film composed of a nonporous anodic oxide film is formed on the inner wall surface of the processing chamber.

Abstract: An on-line roll grinding method for a work roll, which can decrease an overshoot, by which the pressing load of a rotating grinding wheel on a work roll exceeds a set grinding pressing load, is provided. This method is an on-line grinding method for a work roll, adapted to press a rotating grinding wheel (3a) having elasticity against a work roll (1) of a rolling mill to grind the work roll, wherein when the pressing load of the rotating grinding wheel (3a) reaches a set load F, which has been set beforehand, after the rotating grinding wheel (3a) contacts the work roll (1), the forward velocity of the rotating grinding wheel (3a) is reduced to decrease an overshoot by which the pressing load of the rotating grinding wheel (3a) on the work roll (1) exceeds a set grinding pressing load F0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a film forming method using a film forming gas composed of a metal alkoxide wherein clean film formation suppressed in contamination of a target substrate to be processed is achieved by restraining aluminum or an aluminum alloy in the processing chamber from dissolving. Specifically disclosed is method for forming a thin film on a target substrate to be processed which is held in a processing chamber, and this method comprises a step for heating the target substrate and a step for supplying a film forming gas into the processing chamber. This method is characterized in that the film forming gas is composed of a metal alkoxide, the processing chamber is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a protective film composed of a nonporous anodic oxide film is formed on the inner wall surface of the processing chamber.

Abstract: An on-line roll grinding method for a work roll, which can decrease an overshoot, by which the pressing load of a rotating grinding wheel on a work roll exceeds a set grinding pressing load, is provided. This method is an on-line grinding method for a work roll, adapted to press a rotating grinding wheel (3a) having elasticity against a work roll (1) of a rolling mill to grind the work roll, wherein when the pressing load of the rotating grinding wheel (3a) reaches a set load F, which has been set beforehand, after the rotating grinding wheel (3a) contacts the work roll (1), the forward velocity of the rotating grinding wheel (3a) is reduced to decrease an overshoot by which the pressing load of the rotating grinding wheel (3a) on the work roll (1) exceeds a set grinding pressing load F0.

Abstract: A method for recovering a titanium compound includes bringing a waste solution containing a titanium alkoxide into contact with a halogenating agent to convert at least a part of the titanium alkoxide to a titanium halide, and then distilling the solution containing the titanium halide to recover the titanium halide from the solution, or the method includes distilling a waste solution containing a titanium alkoxide and a titanium halide to recover at least a part of the titanium halide from the waste solution, bringing a residue in a distiller after the distillation into contact with a halogenating agent to convert at least a part of the titanium alkoxide to a titanium halide, and distilling the solution containing the titanium halide to recover the titanium halide from the solution. The method can recover an increased amount of a titanium compound from a waste solution containing a titanium alkoxide.

Abstract: The method for recovering a titanium compound according to the invention comprises bringing a waste solution containing a titanium alkoxide into contact with a halogenating agent to convert at least apart of the titanium alkoxide to a titanium halide and then distilling the solution containing the titanium halide to recover the titanium halide from the solution, or comprises distilling a waste solution containing a titanium alkoxide and a titanium halide to recover at least a part of the titanium halide from the waste solution, bringing a residue in distiller given after the distillation into contact with a halogenating agent to convert at least a part of the titanium alkoxide to a titanium halide, and distilling the solution containing the titanium halide to recover the titanium halide from the solution. According to the method of the invention, a larger amount of a titanium compound can be recovered from a waste solution containing a titanium alkoxide.

Abstract: An ozone-processing apparatus for a semiconductor process system includes an airtight process chamber and a lamp chamber, which are partitioned by a window for transmitting ultraviolet rays. A plurality of ultraviolet-ray lamps is arrayed along the window in the lamp chamber. A measurement space is defined between the window and the lamps in the lamp chamber. The lamp chamber is provided with a mount portion to set up a measuring unit therein. The measuring unit includes a sensor to be inserted into the measuring space, for measuring the light quantity of the lamps. The sensor is movable in a direction in which the lamps are arrayed.

Abstract: The developer in accordance with the present invention includes toner, and a carrier having a core material the surface of which is coated with a coating layer made of a polymer, the coating layer having a resistance value sufficient to minimize the counter electric charge remaining in the coating layer, and the toner having any of characteristic values required for preventing a counter electric charge remaining in the coating layer from being increased. The use of the developer of the present invention not only prevents the occurrence of so-called carrier scattering, to thereby prevent blanking, but also produces an image of high quality having a high initial image density.

Abstract: A two-component developer comprising a magnetic carrier having a carbon black-containing resin-coating layer and a toner composed of a carbon black-containing resin composition is disclosed. A styrene resin, an acrylic resin or a styrene-acrylic copolymer resin is selected as each of the carrier-coating resin and the toner-forming resin, and the carbon black content A in the carrier-coating layer and the carbon black content B in the toner-forming layer satisfy requirements represented by the following formulae: ##STR1## Namely, by adjusting the carbon black contents A and B within specific ranges relatively to each other, a two-component developer which is well-balanced between the frictional chargeability characteristic and the electric resistance is provided.

Abstract: A toner composition comprising a binder resin having dispersed therein additives including a colorant and a charge control agent, wherein said additives are present as agglomerates having an average sectional area of from 1.4 to 1.7 .mu.m.sup.2 in a section of toner particles, the total sectional area of the agglomerates in the section of toner particles ranging from 1.5 to 1.8%, or wherein said colorant and charge control agent are present as agglomerates having an average sectional area of from 1.4 to 1.7 .mu.m.sup.2 in a section of toner particles, and said composition has such rheological characteristics that a dissipation factor (tan .delta.) is from 0.95 to 1.25 when a storage elastic modulus (G') is 10.sup.4 dyne/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a start developer wherein an output voltage of a sensor in the start developer having a particular toner density is not less than 0.9 times an output voltage of the sensor in a developer having the same toner density in a time period during which image characteristics are stabilized after repeating image formation by an image forming apparatus and is less than a threshold value at which the supply of toner is started and a method of controlling the toner density using the start developer. According to the present invention, good images can be always formed irrespective of the variation in characteristics between sensors in image forming apparatuses and from the early stage of image formation to the stable time period.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic toner, by using as the binder resin a styrene/acrylic resin in which in the gel permeation chromatogram, a high molecular weight peak value appears in a molecular weight region higher than 1.times.10.sup.5, a low molecular weight peak value appears in a molecular weight region of from 2.times.10.sup.4 to 500, a minimum value appears halfways between the two peaks and the ratio (V/P) of the area of the valley to the peak area is lower than 0.3, the internal cohesive force of the binder resin for the toner can be prominently improved while maintaining the low-temperature fixing property and offset resistance at high levels, and pulverization of the toner and formation of the spent toner can be prevented during the developing operation and the durability of the toner can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic developer comprising (i) a toner containing a fixing resin in which the content of an acrylic component is limited to a predetermined range, or a toner of which surface dye density is limited to a predetermined range, and (ii) a carrier coated with a coating resin containing, as an acrylic component, dodecyl methacrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate.In the electrophotographic developer of the present invention, the electric charging characteristics are always stable.