Abstract: An analysis device and a microscope use a circularly polarized light illuminator including a light source emitting pulsed light, a polarized light divider dividing the pulsed light from the light source or linearly polarized light extracted from the pulsed light into an x-axis direction polarized light component and a y-axis direction polarized light component, an optical delay unit delaying one of a pulse of the divided x-axis and y-axis direction polarized light components in relation to the other, a polarized light combining unit combining the X-polarized light pulsed beam and the Y-polarized light pulsed beam emitted from the optical delay unit coaxially to generate a linearly polarized beam having a modulation in which the X-polarized light pulse and the Y-polarized light pulse repeat alternately, and a polarized light conversion unit converting the linearly polarized light emitted from the polarized light synthesis unit into circularly polarized light.