Abstract: A method and system for managing a transaction for updating tables of a database. An access order specifying a temporal order for updating tables of the database is stored. A received data request specifies records to be updated in the database for the transaction. The records identified in the data request are copied from the database to a virtual data area. It is determined from a list of updated records that the records identified in the data request have been updated in the virtual data area. It is ascertained that each record identified in the data request has not been updated in the database since the records were copied to the virtual data area. The list of updated records is sorted according to the temporal order in the access list. The database is updated by replacing in the database the records identified in the sorted list.

Abstract: A method and system to enable communications between components using a single procedure so that a user is not required to consider compatibility among protocols when programming or maintaining programs. A data communication class which enables communications regardless of matching among protocols, a data communication interface, and an implementation class for each protocol are prepared so as to operate or develop an application program. The data communication class is initialized in the application program and a communication interface calls a communication method from its instances. The communication data is passed as an argument of the communication method. When a data communication instance is generated, the implementation class corresponding to a protocol specified for the property is set in the instance.

Abstract: A method and system for managing a transaction for updating tables of a database. An access order specifying a temporal order for updating tables of the database is stored. A received data request specifies records to be updated in the database for the transaction. The records identified in the data request are copied from the database to a virtual data area. It is determined from a list of updated records that the records identified in the data request have been updated in the virtual data area. It is ascertained that each record identified in the data request has not been updated in the database since the records were copied to the virtual data area. The list of updated records is sorted according to the temporal order in the access list. The database is updated by replacing in the database the records identified in the sorted list.

Abstract: A method and system to enable communications between components using a single procedure so that a user is not required to consider compatibility among protocols when programming or maintaining programs. A data communication class which enables communications regardless of matching among protocols, a data communication interface, and an implementation class for each protocol are prepared so as to operate or develop an application program. The data communication class is initialized in the application program and a communication interface calls a communication method from its instances. The communication data is passed as an argument of the communication method. When a data communication instance is generated, the implementation class corresponding to a protocol specified for the property is set in the instance.