Abstract: After a display displays a first symbol that represents a first device from among a plurality of devices in a communication network, a processor receives an instruction to display a specific port group from among a plurality of port groups that the first device includes. Then, the display displays a second symbol that represents a first port which is included in the specific port group in a position adjacent to the first symbol, and displays a line segment that indicates a connection relationship between the first port and a second device.

Abstract: A display method according to an aspect displays a state of a network on the basis of information collected from a communication device included in the network. The display method displays a first line that indicates a specific transmission path in the network and a symbol whose display position is dynamically moved in a direction in which data is transmitted through the transmission path, displays, on a layer that is located above a layer on which the first line is displayed, a second line superimposed over the first line and the symbol, according to the occurrence of a prescribed event that is detected on the basis of the collected information, wherein the second line has an overlapping portion with the first line, and moves the symbol in a position or in a size in which at least a portion of the symbol is not hidden under the second line.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal device having a uniform vertical alignment, a method for fabricating it easily, and its fabricating apparatus in fabricating an ECB-type vertically aligned liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal device includes liquid crystal molecules 12 each having a negative dielectric anisotropy and polyimide films for homogeneous alignment, wherein a method for fabricating a liquid crystal device including a process of vertically orienting liquid crystal molecules is constructed by exposing the liquid crystal molecules to light from either or both sides of substrates 14 of the liquid crystal device whose liquid crystal molecules each having a negative dielectric anisotropy are homogeneously oriented using polyimide films for homogeneous alignment. In addition, an aligner used for exposure is equipped with a filer so as to cut light having wavelengths of 400 nm or less and 600 nm or more, so that light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm can be utilized.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for substrate inspection and other lighting applications. It includes an lighting apparatus 10 which comprises: an illuminator 12 including a light source for emitting lights 14; supporting means for supporting an object (e.g. a patterned substrate) 18 having a finely patterned surface 16 on which predetermined patterns are formed, which is illuminated at a predetermined angle with the lights 14 from the illuminator 12; and determining means 24 for determining whether or not predetermined patterns on the surface of the object (substrate) 16 are deformed using lights 22 diffracted by the finely patterned surface 16, wherein the illuminator 12 applies two kinds of lights 14 each having a narrow wavelength range with a peak wavelength at a respective one of two complementary colors.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal device having a uniform vertical alignment, a method for fabricating it easily, and its fabricating apparatus in fabricating an ECB-type vertically aligned liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal device includes liquid crystal molecules 12 each having a negative dielectric anisotropy and polyimide films for homogeneous alignment, wherein a method for fabricating a liquid crystal device including a process of vertically orienting liquid crystal molecules is constructed by exposing the liquid crystal molecules to light from either or both sides of substrates 14 of the liquid crystal device whose liquid crystal molecules each having a negative dielectric anisotropy are homogeneously oriented using polyimide films for homogeneous alignment. In addition, an aligner used for exposure is equipped with a filer so as to cut light having wavelengths of 400 nm or less and 600 nm or more, so that light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm can be utilized.

Abstract: An ECB-type vertically aligned liquid crystal device includes liquid crystal molecules each having a negative dielectric anisotropy and polyimide films for homogeneous alignment. In a process for manufacturing the liquid crystal device, the liquid crystal molecules are vertically oriented by exposing the liquid crystal molecules to light from either or both sides of substrates of the liquid crystal device. In addition, an aligner used for exposure is equipped with a filter so as to cut light having wavelengths of 400 nm or less and 600 nm or more, so that light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm can be utilized In this liquid crystal device, the response time becomes faster when a voltage is applied between electrodes.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal device having a uniform vertical alignment, a method for fabricating it easily, and its fabricating apparatus in fabricating an ECB-type vertically aligned liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal device includes liquid crystal molecules 12 each having a negative dielectric anisotropy and polyimide films for homogeneous alignment, wherein a method for fabricating a liquid crystal device including a process of vertically orienting liquid crystal molecules is constructed by exposing the liquid crystal molecules to light from either or both sides of substrates 14 of the liquid crystal device whose liquid crystal molecules each having a negative dielectric anisotropy are homogeneously oriented using polyimide films for homogeneous alignment. In addition, an aligner used for exposure is equipped with a filer so as to cut light having wavelengths of 400 nm or less and 600 nm or more, so that light having a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm can be utilized.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for substrate inspection and other lighting applications. It includes an lighting apparatus 10 which comprises: an illuminator 12 including a light source for emitting lights 14; supporting means for supporting an object (e.g. a patterned substrate) 18 having a finely patterned surface 16 on which predetermined patterns are formed, which is illuminated at a predetermined angle with the lights 14 from the illuminator 12; and determining means 24 for determining whether or not predetermined patterns on the surface of the object (substrate) 16 are deformed using lights 22 diffracted by the finely patterned surface 16, wherein the illuminator 12 applies two kinds of lights 14 each having a narrow wavelength range with a peak wavelength at a respective one of two complementary colors.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell includes a voltage amplification function therein for driving the cell with an AC voltage. The cell includes gate lines running in a first direction, a source line running in a second direction different from the first direction, a switching means which is turned on and off by a voltage applied to a first gate line so as to supply a voltage from the source line, a fixed capacitance capacitor is connected to the source line via said switching means, and a variable capacitance capacitor is connected to the source line via said switching means in parallel to said constant capacitor. The variable capacitor is connected to a second gate line which is independent of the first gate line, and the capacitance of the variable capacitor changes according to the voltage applied thereto through a second gate line.