Abstract: A coupling structure includes a shaft member having an outer periphery formed with an axial groove and a circumferential groove, each groove having a cross section having opposed faces substantially parallel to each other; a cylindrical member fitted to the outer periphery of the shaft member and formed out of a material greater in linear expansion coefficient than that of the shaft member; and a caulked portion provided to the cylindrical member at a position corresponding to the grooves of the shaft member. The caulked portion has a deformed inner surface in press contact with the opposed faces of the grooves.

Abstract: A system for controlling damping force characteristics for respective shock absorbers of a vehicle in which each shock absorber is installed between sprung mass and unsprung mass at each tire wheel position, a front tire wheel side sprung mass vertical velocity and a front tire wheel side relative velocity between the sprung mass and unsprung mass are determined, the damping force characteristics of the shock absorbers located at the front tire wheels side are basically controlled on the basis of the control signal determined on the basis of the front tire wheel side sprung mass vertical velocity, and the damping force characteristics of the shock absorbers located at the rear tire wheels side are, on the other hand, controlled on the basis of the control signal determined on the basis of a front tire wheel side road surface input velocity determined on the basis of the front tire wheel side sprung mass vertical velocity and the front tire wheel side relative velocity determined from a front tire wheel side r

Abstract: A structure of an electromagnetic valve for opening and closing a passage of a fluid flow which is applicable to a air suspension system of a vehicle. The electromagnetic valve includes a plunger linked with an armature, a first valve attached to the plunger for defining a first chamber and a second chamber in a body of the electromagnetic valve, together with a valve seating member installed within the body, a second valve attached to the plunger for opening and closing the fluid flow passage opened to the first chamber, and a spring for biasing the plunger in an open direction of the first valve and second valve, a second fluid flow passage being opened to the first chamber for introducing the fluid from the first fluid flow passage, a fluid pressure in the fluid passage being introduced to the second chamber via another passage, and an effective pressure applied area of the first valve (A2) being substantially equal to that (A1) of the second valve.