Abstract: A battery device designed so that a plurality of battery modules (1) are arranged in rows at given spaces in a enclosure (2). Turbulence accelerators (5), such as dummy battery units or the like, are provided in a position on the uppermost-stream side of the enclosure in which air flows in the direction of arrangement of the battery modules. The heat transfer ability for the battery modules in the upper-stream position is enhanced by the turbulence accelerators which disorders the airflow introduced into the enclosure. Auxiliary coolant intake ports (7) for the introduction of a coolant are provided in the middle of an airflow path, whereby the heat transfer ability on the lower-stream side is enhanced, so that battery temperature differences between the battery units arranged in the enclosure can be restrained. Thus, a simple-construction battery device is realized enjoying improved quality and operation stability.

Abstract: A battery device designed so that a plurality of battery modules (1) are arranged in rows at given spaces in a enclosure (2). Turbulence accelerators (5), such as dummy battery units or the like, are provided in a position on the uppermost-stream side of the enclosure in which air flows in the direction of arrangement of the battery modules. The heat transfer ability for the battery modules in the upper-stream position is enhanced by the turbulence accelerators which disorders the airflow introduced into the enclosure. Auxiliary coolant intake ports (7) for the introduction of a coolant are provided in the middle of an airflow path, whereby the heat transfer ability on the lower-stream side is enhanced, so that battery temperature differences between the battery units arranged in the enclosure can be restrained. Thus, a simple-construction battery device is realized enjoying improved quality and operation stability.

Abstract: A next update prediction time storage section receives the present time from a clock section and transfers part or all of the links whose corresponding next update prediction times are earlier than the present time to a transmission/reception section. The transmission/reception section communicates via a network and acquires the data specified by a link. An update history storage section extracts the latest update time when information on the latest update time exists in the acquired data. The update history storage section adds the extracted latest update time to the update history corresponding to the link and calculates the next update prediction time from the added and updated update history. The update history storage section sends the calculated next update prediction time to the next update prediction time storage section. The next update prediction time storage section replaces the next update prediction time corresponding to the link with the calculated next update prediction time.

Abstract: Terms are extracted from a document as a retrieval subject, and weights of the respective terms in the document are set. In assigning data to a plurality of retrieving apparatuses in accordance with the weights thus set, weight ranges are determined so as to avoid overlap or omission in terms as subjects of the retrieving apparatuses, and evaluation value ranges are determined according to a given evaluation formula so as to correspond to the respective weight ranges. Searches are performed in descending order of evaluation values that are obtained according to the evaluation formula.

Abstract: An alkaline secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode comprises a conductive substrate and a mixture held by the conductive substrate, the mixture containing nickel hydroxide and a conductive cobalt compound, and the positive electrode has pores, substantially all of the pores each having a diameter with a range of 0.0001 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: A version management apparatus for managing the versions of data having link structure obtained by designating an address, has a data obtaining section for obtaining data having link structure of the designated address, a section for extracting addresses buried in the obtained data having link structure, a section for storing the extracted addresses, a section for selecting an address from the address storage section, and instructing the data obtaining section to obtain data designated by the selected address, and a section for storing data obtained by the data obtaining section or its modified data by adding the address of the data and version data associated with the version of the data thereto.

Abstract: A retrieval system for performing database retrieval in response to a retrieval request includes a database preparing means for collecting corresponding data to prepare a database under at least a condition that an update frequency range of data serving as a target for index table generation is uniquely assigned to the database, and an update frequency of data falls within the assigned update frequency range, or a mean update frequency of a data group to which the data belongs falls within the assigned update frequency range.

Abstract: A method for making a stacked gate electrode structure for a semiconductor device provides for three layers of the stacked structure including a first conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a second conductive layer. The layers of the stacked structure are to be of uniform width. The method includes forming on a gate oxide layer on the surface of the semiconductor substrate a first conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a second conductive layer in order. A photoresist is formed on the second conductive layer and patterning of the second conductive layer and the insulating layer using the photoresist as an etching mask is carried out. Side wall covering layers which result from the insulating layer patterning which cover the sides of both the second conductive layer and the insulating layer are removed. Thereafter, the first conductive layer is patterned using the photoresist as an etching mask.

Abstract: An etching system including a chamber, lower and upper electrodes provided in the chamber, a plasma light monitoring window provided in a side wall of the chamber, and an endpoint detecting device mounted outside the plasma light monitoring window. The plasma light monitoring window may be formed of high-purity aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) as a transparent ceramic, so that plasma light generated in the chamber can be efficiently transmitted through the plasma light monitoring window to the endpoint detecting device. Accordingly, even when the plasma light monitoring window is etched, its transparency is not lost. Furthermore, since the content of impurity in the window is low, contamination of an object to be etched with the impurity can be suppressed.