Abstract: A converter circuit includes first and second input terminals, first and second capacitors, the second capacitor having a first terminal connected to the second input terminal and a second terminal forming a positive voltage node, first and third semiconductor components connected in series between the first input terminal and the positive voltage node, the midpoint between the series connection forming a first node, and a series connection of a first inductive component, a diode and a second inductive component. The series connection is connected between the second input terminal and the node. The diode's polarity allows current to pass from the direction of the second input terminal. A second node is formed between the first inductive component and the diode, and a third node is formed between the diode and the second inductive component. A third capacitor is connected between the first input terminal and the third node.

Abstract: Exemplary systems and methods provide a transformer-isolated current-fed quadratic full-bridge converter topology. The optimal interfacing of a current source, such as a solar panel, can be implemented by using current-fed converters. The current-fed converter can operate within the whole range of a UI curve from short-circuit to open-circuit condition and its input voltage can be readily controlled. The quadratic behaviour between input and output in regard of a duty cycle allows large conversion ratios.

Abstract: Exemplary systems and methods provide a transformer-isolated current-fed quadratic full-bridge converter topology. The optimal interfacing of a current source, such as a solar panel, can be implemented by using current-fed converters. The current-fed converter can operate within the whole range of a UI curve from short-circuit to open-circuit condition and its input voltage can be readily controlled. The quadratic behaviour between input and output in regard of a duty cycle allows large conversion ratios.

Abstract: A converter circuit includes first and second input terminals for receiving input current from a current source, a first capacitor connected between the first and second input terminals, a second capacitor having a first terminal of which is connected to the second input terminal and a second terminal which forms a positive voltage node, and first and third semiconductor components connected in series between the first input terminal and a positive voltage node, where the midpoint between the series connection forms a first node.

Abstract: A converter circuit includes first and second input terminals for receiving an input current from a current source, a first capacitor connected between the first and second input terminals, a second capacitor having a first terminal which is connected to the second input terminal and a second terminal forming a positive voltage node. First and third semiconductor components are connected in series between the first input terminal and the positive voltage node to form a first node. A series connection of a first inductive component, a first diode and a second inductive component is connected between the second input terminal and the first node. A third capacitor and a third inductive component are included, as are first and second output terminals. The first and the third semiconductor components are configured to control the voltage between the first and second input terminals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simulating the operation of a rechargeable battery. A value is obtained for at least one parameter that describes an internal state of the battery. The obtained value is used for calculating a prediction value for a characteristic of the battery that is observable outside the battery. These steps are repeated a multitude of times in order to simulate the operation of the battery over a certain period of time. A difference is detected between a calculated prediction value and a known value of a corresponding characteristic in a corresponding situation. The obtained value of the at least one parameter is corrected before a further prediction value is calculated by an amount that is proportional to the detected difference.

Abstract: The standby electric supply comprises an accumulator which comprises multiple interconnected blocks, a switching portion that conditionally connects the accumulator to a load or to a charging current supply and a measurement and control portion that produces measurement results for describing the state of the accumulator and that controls the switching portion on the basis of the measurement results produced. The measurement and control portion is arranged to measure, at an initial time, the initial value of the open cell voltage of each block from the accumulator when charged and to produce a threshold value from the measured block specific initial value of the open cell voltage. The measured open cell voltage at an observed time different from the initial time is compared with the threshold value. If the measured block specific value of the open cell voltage has reached the threshold value, the switching portion is controlled to connect the accumulator to the charging current supply.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for simulating the operation of a rechargeable battery. There is obtained (503, 553) a value for at least one parameter that describes an internal state of the battery. Said obtained value is used for calculating (504, 505, 554, 555) a prediction value for a characteristic of the battery that is observable outside the battery. These steps are repeated a multitude of times in order to simmulate the operation of the battery over a certain period of time. A difference is detected (507, 556) between a calculated prediction value and a known value of a corresponding characteristic in a corresponding situation. The obtained value of said at least one parameter is corrected (507, 558) before a further prediction value calculating step by an amount that is proportional to said detected difference.

Abstract: For cooling an encased electric device (100) by means of the convection flow of a medium, a cooling element (400) is attached to device (100), said cooling element includes a back plate and ribs (401) fastened to device (100) at certain distances. The width of at feast one space (402) between the ribs is different at different points. The width of the spaces (402) between the ribs is at the widest at the points of the cooling element which, in the intended position of use of the cooling element, are downwards and/or sidewards, and at the narrowest at the points of the cooling element at which the electric device (100) contains a component that produces a lot of heat during use.

Abstract: A modular power supply system (200), which comprises at least two power units (101′, 102′) connected in parallel for producing a certain ouptut voltage (DC) of a certain input voltage (AC), and a control unit (106) for giving control commands concerning the level of the output voltage of the power units to the power units. The control of the power units comprises steps in which: the control unit gives a control command to the power unit; the power unit examines whether the control command received by it meets certain saved criteria, whereby the control command which meets the saved criteria is executed (302, 303), and the control command which does not meet the saved criteria is not executed (301).