Abstract: A novel architecture for a infinitely scalable cryptocurrency system is disclosed in the form of multilevel tree hierarchy of blockchains, where the hash for each block in each blockchain is not only passed to the next block in that blockchain, but is also passed to at least one other blockchain on another level to be included in its own hashes, such that no change can be made in any of the blockchains in the hierarchy without recomputing them all. To facilitate maintaining these multiple levels of blockchains, a novel proof of connectivity lottery method is disclosed whereby all active devices connected online associated with a particular blockchain exchange messages where a hash that cannot be controlled by any particular device determines the winner of the lottery.

Abstract: A novel architecture for a infinitely scalable cryptocurrency system is disclosed in the form of multilevel tree hierarchy of blockchains, where the hash for each block in each blockchain is not only passed to the next block in that blockchain, but is also passed to at least one other blockchain on another level to be included in its own hashes, such that no change can be made in any of the blockchains in the hierarchy without recomputing them all. To facilitate maintaining these multiple levels of blockchains, a novel proof of connectivity lottery method is disclosed whereby all active devices connected online associated with a particular blockchain exchange messages where a hash that cannot be controlled by any particular device determines the winner of the lottery.

Abstract: A number of new classes of polymers with the potential for electrical conduction are introduced sharing a common theme, having metal atoms in direct contact with each other, bound in one and two-dimensional structures guided by steric, dipole and coordinating ligand factors. These new classes include a new family of metallole polymers in a polycyclic arrangement, both standing alone and with chains of metal atoms coordinated to their electronegative backbone atoms, new polymers of group 13 and 14 metals and metalloids, with substituents connected through an electronegative bonding atom, and a new class of close stacked porphyrin polymers, assembled with short molecular linkers perpendicular to the faces of the porphyrin units. These new materials empower new classes of capacitors, batteries and electrical conductors, even superconductors.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of constructing a composite material structure, comprised of an aerogel or other porous substrate, which is then overlaid throughout its interior with an even and continuous thin layer film of doped thermoelectric semiconductor such that electrical current is transmitted as a quantum surface phenomena, while the cross-section for thermal conductivity is kept low, with the aerogel itself dissipating that thermal conductivity. In one preferred embodiment this is achieved using a modified metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) process in the gas phase, with the assist of microwave heating after the reactant gases have evenly diffused throughout the interior of the aerogel substrate. In other embodiments the thin film layer strengthens the composite material.

Abstract: A number of new classes of polymers with the potential for electrical conduction are introduced sharing a common theme, having metal atoms in direct contact with each other, bound in one and two-dimensional structures guided by steric, dipole and coordinating ligand factors. These new classes include a new family of metallole polymers in a polycyclic arrangement, for use both standing alone, and with chains of metal atoms coordinated to their electronegative backbone atoms, new polymers of group 13 and 14 metals and metalloids, with substituents connected through an electronegative bonding atom, and a new class of close stacked porphyrin polymers, assembled with short molecular linkers perpendicular to the faces of the porphyrin units. These new materials empower new classes of capacitors, batteries and electrical conductors, even superconductors.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of constructing a composite material structure, comprised of an aerogel substrate, which is then overlaid throughout its interior with an even and continuous thin layer film of doped thermoelectric semiconductor such that electrical current is transmitted as a quantum surface phenomena, while the cross-section for thermal conductivity is kept low, with the aerogel itself dissipating that thermal conductivity. In one preferred embodiment this is achieved using a modified metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) process in the gas phase, with the assist of microwave heating after the reactant gases have evenly diffused throughout the interior of the aerogel substrate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of constructing a composite material structure, comprised of an aerogel substrate, which is then overlaid throughout its interior with an even and continuous thin layer film of doped thermoelectric semiconductor such that electrical current is transmitted as a quantum surface phenomena, while the cross-section for thermal conductivity is kept low, with the aerogel itself dissipating that thermal conductivity. In one preferred embodiment this is achieved using a modified metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) process in the gas phase, with the assist of microwave heating after the reactant gases have evenly diffused throughout the interior of the aerogel substrate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of constructing a composite material structure, comprised of an aerogel precursor foundation, which is then overlaid throughout its interior with an even and continuous thin layer film of doped thermoelectric semiconductor such that electrical current is transmitted as a quantum surface phenomena, while the cross-section for thermal conductivity is kept low, with the aerogel itself dissipating that thermal conductivity. In one preferred embodiment this is achieved using a modified successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of constructing a composite material structure, comprised of an aerogel precursor foundation, which is then overlaid throughout its interior with an even and continuous thin layer film of doped thermoelectric semiconductor such that electrical current is transmitted as a quantum surface phenomena, while the cross-section for thermal conductivity is kept low, with the aerogel itself dissipating that thermal conductivity. In one preferred embodiment this is achieved using a modified successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for creating additional advertising space by sensing the position of an element on a web page or other client viewer, and upon interaction of a user with that element positioning the appearance of additional web page elements not limited by the boundary of the initial element.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for creating additional advertising space by sensing the position of an element on a web page or other client viewer, and upon interaction of a user with that element positioning the appearance of additional web page elements not limited by the boundary of the initial element.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for creating additional advertising space by sensing the position of an element on a web page or other client viewer, and upon interaction of a user with that element positioning the appearance of additional web page elements not limited by the boundary of the initial element.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for enhancing the security of transactions executed using a fixed unique system identifier. By the method of one such security enhancement the fixed unique system identifier is validated by a receiving server system according to a mathematical formula, most optimally a one way hash, from multiple input identifiers at least one of which is either secret or impossible to spoof. Other security enhancements include only delivering goods to an address matching user information already provided by the client system, only allowing trusted server systems to execute transactions, and only allowing trusted server systems to receive the fixed unique system identifiers.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for enhancing the security of transactions executed using a fixed unique system identifier. By the method of one such security enhancement the fixed unique system identifier is validated by a receiving server system according to a mathematical formula, most optimally a one way hash, from multiple input identifiers at least one of which is either secret or impossible to spoof. Other security enhancements include only delivering goods to an address matching user information already provided by the client system, only allowing trusted server systems to execute transactions, and only allowing trusted server systems to receive the fixed unique system identifiers.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for increasing the yield of response to an electronic solicitation to take action by presenting direct action links within the solicitation itself. These direct action links are distinguished by the ability to initiate a transaction when a user interacts with them, without the need to search for or access any other web page or site to begin the authorization. The direct action links are themselves updated without requiring the intervention of the user. The increased marketing efficiency is further enhanced by using a software program other than a conventional internet browser or conventional email client to connect with the user. The enhanced program has the capability of storing information about the user of the system for use in authorizing future transactions, the capability of establishing a dedicated communications connection which uniquely identifies the user to another system, and the capability of remembering previous actions taken by the user.