Abstract: There is proposed a method for starting up a pre-reforming stage in an integrated reforming plant in which a hydrocarbonaceous feed stream, in particular natural gas, is converted into a reformation product containing carbon oxides, hydrogen and hydrocarbons. Before carrying out the start-up method, the catalyst contained in the pre-reforming stage is in an oxidized or passivated state. For its activation, the pre-reforming catalyst is charged with a methanol/steam mixture, from which by steam reformation of methanol in situ the hydrogen required for the activation of the catalyst is produced. Excess hydrogen is used for the hydrogen supply of the desulfurization stage arranged upstream of the pre-reforming stage.

Abstract: A process for producing short-chain olefins by conversion of oxygenates in a multi-stage fixed-bed reactor, in which the individual stages for reaction zones are covered with beds of a granular, form-selective zeolite catalyst and the feed mixture containing oxygenates is added distributed over the reaction stages. An increase of the availability of the fixed-bed reactor for the olefin production with the same or an increased yield of short-chain olefins is achieved in that one or more reaction zones are charged with a distinctly reduced mass flow of the feed mixture containing oxygenates, wherein the reduced mass flow fraction is distributed over other reaction zones.

Abstract: There is proposed a method for starting up a pre-reforming stage in an integrated reforming plant in which a hydrocarbonaceous feed stream, in particular natural gas, is converted into a reformation product containing carbon oxides, hydrogen and hydrocarbons. Before carrying out the start-up method, the catalyst contained in the pre-reforming stage is in an oxidized or passivated state. For its activation, the pre-reforming catalyst is charged with a methanol/steam mixture, from which by steam reformation of methanol in situ the hydrogen required for the activation of the catalyst is produced. Excess hydrogen is used for the hydrogen supply of the desulfurization stage arranged upstream of the pre-reforming stage.

Abstract: There is proposed a process for producing short-chain olefins by conversion of oxygenates in a multi-stage fixed-bed reactor (OTO reactor) with reaction zones each operated adiabatically, in which the individual stages or reaction zones are covered with beds of a granular, form-selective zeolite catalyst which previously has been subjected to a steam pretreatment in an external, isothermally or quasi-isothermally operated steam pretreatment reactor. By means of the external steam pretreatment according to the invention, higher lifetimes of the catalyst used are obtained as compared to a steam pretreatment in the OTO reactor. The availability of the OTO reactor for the olefin production is increased.

Abstract: For producing synthetic fuels, an educt mixture containing steam and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, is converted to olefins on a catalyst in a first process stage, and this olefin mixture then is divided in a separating means into a stream rich in C1-C4 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons. The stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons is divided into a stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C7+ hydrocarbons, wherein the stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons is at least partly subjected to an etherification with methanol. The ethers thus obtained are admixed to the gasoline product stream.

Abstract: A process for producing short-chain olefins by conversion of oxygenates in a multi-stage fixed-bed reactor, in which the individual stages for reaction zones are covered with beds of a granular, form-selective zeolite catalyst and the feed mixture containing oxygenates is added distributed over the reaction stages. An increase of the availability of the fixed-bed reactor for the olefin production with the same or an increased yield of short-chain olefins is achieved in that one or more reaction zones are charged with a distinctly reduced mass flow of the feed mixture containing oxygenates, wherein the reduced mass flow fraction is distributed over other reaction zones.

Abstract: For producing synthetic fuels, an educt mixture containing steam and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, is converted to olefins on a catalyst in a first process stage, and this olefin mixture then is divided in a separating means into a stream rich in C1-C4 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C5+ hydrcarbons. The stream rich in C5+ hydrocarbons is divided into a stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons and a stream rich in C7+ hydrocarbons, wherein the stream rich in C5 and C6 hydrocarbons is at least partly subjected to an etherification with methanol. The ethers thus obtained are admixed to the gasoline product stream.