Abstract: A sensor element constructed in layers for detecting a physical property of a gas or liquid, and in particular for detecting the concentration of a gas component or the temperature of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The sensor element includes a first and second layer as well as at least one contact face, which is disposed in a layer plane between the first and second layers. In the region of the contact face, the first layer includes a recess.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sensing element is provided, in particular for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, a composite construction having at least one ceramic paste (green film) present in film form being sintered to yield the sensing element, and sharp edges of the sensing element being blunted before sintering to increase the thermal shock resistance of the sensing element.

Abstract: A gas sensor, in particular a lambda probe, for ascertaining the pollutant and/or oxygen content in emission gases of internal combustion engines, having a housing accommodating at least one sensor element, the sensor element having a section on the terminal side and a section on the measuring-gas side, and having a connecting element that connects the sensor element, which has a plurality of electrically conductive contact areas, at its terminal-side section to a plurality of electrically conductive supply leads. The gas sensor has the feature of a connecting element which is formed from a spring element produced in one piece from ceramic material.

Abstract: Electric contacting of a sensor element with at least one terminal contact is described; the sensor element is contacted with a contact part by bonding, and this section has a ceramic adhesive on the section connected to the terminal contact. A method of producing the contacting is also described.

Abstract: A sensor, particularly for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gasses of internal combustion engines, includes sensor element which is fixed in a metallic housing and a sealing flange which is integrally formed on the housing and rests on a sealing seat which is formed on an exhaust system. The sealing flange has two ring elements which are integrally formed on the housing and each have an inclined sealing surface, a hollow space being formed between the two ring elements inside the housing.

Abstract: Multiple contacts are provided in an electrical contacting arrangement of a sensor element, and the sensor element has a connection-side section with contact points, or contact pads, which are each integrally bonded to a corresponding contact. Each of the multiple contacts, at least on the section in contact with the contact point on the sensor element, has a layer by which the integral bond is formed between the contact and the contact point on the sensor element. The contacts are joined to the corresponding contact points on the sensor element by diffusion soldering or diffusion welding. Each contact has a curved intermediate section which compensates for thermal and/or mechanical expansion and movements.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for detecting the oxygen content in a gas to be measured. At least one concentration cell operating in accordance with the Nernst principle is provided. The concentration cell includes a measuring electrode communicating with the gas and a solid electrolyte and a reference electrode connected to the measuring electrode through the solid electrolyte. A pump-current pulse is applied between the reference electrode and the measuring electrode and, directly after the end of each pump-current pulse, the current flow between the reference electrode and the measuring electrode is reversed in a pulse-like manner.

Abstract: A sensor element for an electrochemical sensor that determines the oxygen content of exhaust gases produced by internal combustion engines. The sensor element includes at least one measurement device and at least one heating device associated with the measurement device. The measurement device and the heating device both include individual functional layers laminated one above another. The heating device is covered with a surface layer that covers not only the surface of the outermost layer of the functional layers of the heating device, but also the side surfaces of all the functional layers of the heating device.

Abstract: A measuring sensor, in particular for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having a sensor element fixed in gastight fashion in a metal housing (14) and having a sealing flange (60) mounted on the housing (14) and resting on a sealing seat (76) embodied in an exhaust system (11). A union nut (80) is guided over onto the housing (14) and can be screwed into a thread (78) of an opening (70) provided in the exhaust system (11) and presses the sealing flange (60) against the sealing seat (76). The housing (14) has a housing part (12) on the side toward the gas to be measured and a further housing part (13) on the side toward the connection, and the sealing flange (60) is disposed on the housing part (13) on the side toward the connection and is shaped from the material of the housing part (13) on the side toward the connection.

Abstract: A gas sensor having a sensor element which is immobilized in gas-tight fashion in a metal housing. The gas sensor has a double-walled protective tube with an outer protective sleeve and an inner protective sleeve, each of which possesses openings for the entry and/or exit of gas. The inner protective sleeve forms a gas space into which the sensor element projects with a section at the measurement-gas end. The outer protective sleeve is a sleeve having a closed enveloping surface, the openings for the entry and/or exit of gas being arranged in the cavity at the end face of the sleeve. The gas space formed by the inner protective sleeve has, perpendicular to the extension direction of the sensor element, a rectangular cross section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring instrument, particularly an electrochemical measuring sensor, having a sensor element arranged at a measuring point, which sensor element can be connected via electrical connecting leads with an evaluating circuit removed from the measuring point, with the electrical connecting leads being guided so as to be protected against external influences, especially against high temperature influences, at least in the proximity of the measuring point. At its end facing away from the sensor element (12), a protective device (24) receiving the electrical connecting leads (22) is provided with a connecting device (30) which can be connected to a connecting lead (54, 56) to the evaluating circuit.