Abstract: Surfaces that have both micrometer- and nanometer-scale features can have controllable wetting and adhesion properties. The surfaces can be reversibly switched between states of greater and lesser hydrophobicity, and between states of greater and lesser droplet adhesion.

Abstract: Compositions for use as immersion fluids are described. In general, the immersion fluids can be utilized to perform lithography at short wavelengths (e.g., in a range from about 120 nm to about 260 nm). Some embodiments can be used in a range of actinic radiation between about 140 nm and about 160 nm (e.g., about 157 nm). Immersion fluids can exhibit any number of advantageous features including a relatively high index of refraction (e.g., greater than about 1, or greater than about 1.3, or about greater than about 1.4) and/or a relatively low absorbance (e.g., lower than about 2 ?m?1, or lower than about 1 ?m?1, or lower than about 0.5 ?m?1). Some immersion fluids can include silicon-containing compounds and/or germanium containing compounds. Such compounds can include at least one Ge—O bond or at least one Si—O bond. Such compounds can also include one or more fluorinated moieties.

Abstract: A surface-emission cathode formed on an insulating surface having cantilevered, i.e. “undercut,” electrodes. Suitable insulating surfaces include negative electron affinity (NEA) insulators such as glass or diamond. The cathode can operate in a comprised vacuum (e.g., 10?7 Torr) with no bias on the electrodes and low vacuum electric fields (e.g., at least 10 V cm?1). Embodiments of the present invention are inexpensive to fabricate, requiring lithographic resolution of approximately 10 micrometers. These cathodes can be formed over large areas for use in lighting and displays and are suitable for satellite applications, such as cathodes for tethers, thrusters and space-charging neutralizers.

Abstract: Novel photoresists containing at least about 0.2 molar ratio of a base with respect to the concentration of a photoacid generator present and their preparation are described. It has been discovered that inclusion of a sufficient amount of base counteracts the detrimental effects of photoacid generators, thus providing resists having submicron linewidth resolution.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved devices for separating and/or detecting targets from biological, environmental, or chemical samples.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods, compositions, and devices for separating and/or detecting targets from biological, environmental, or chemical samples.