Abstract: Nanolatexes comprising functional monomers and methods for making nanolatexes. Compositions comprising between about 3:97 and 90:10 (w/w) nanolatex particles to conventional latex particles. Because of the particle size differences between the conventional and nanolatexes, the nanolatexes may distribute themselves advantageously amongst the conventional latexes during coalescence, resulting in films having unexpected properties. In particular, when the average particle size of the conventional latex is about six times larger than the average particle size of the nanolatex, a composition comprising a ratio of 1 conventional latex particle for every 25 nanolatex particles results in unexpectedly strong (large Young's modulus) and smooth (high specular gloss) films.

Abstract: Nanolatexes comprising functional monomers and methods for making nanolatexes. Compositions comprising between about 3:97 and 90:10 (w/w) nanolatex particles to conventional latex particles. Because of the particle size differences between the conventional and nanolatexes, the nanolatexes may distribute themselves advantageously amongst the conventional latexes during coalescence, resulting in films having unexpected properties. In particular, when the average particle size of the conventional latex is about six times larger than the average particle size of the nanolatex, a composition comprising a ratio of 1 conventional latex particle for every 25 nanolatex particles results in unexpectedly strong (large Young's modulus) and smooth (high specular gloss) films.

Abstract: There is provided a new method for analysis of the size and/or distribution of particles emanating from a mother liquid by sedimentation in a rotating disc centrifuge, particularly a photosedimentometer. The method is characterized in that the spin fluid or medium is formed externally of the disc as distinct from being formed within the disc while it is rotating. The externally prepared spin medium is formed from at least two miscible liquids of different densities for example, methanol and water, in a manner such that they are substantially incompletely mixed whereby a density gradient is established in the spin medium. Thereafter the spin medium is injected into the disc while spinning at a given speed, and later the mother liquid is injected. Results are closely comparable to the buffered line start method described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,968.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for photogoniometric analysis of surfaces is disclosed. A photogoniometric instrument includes a light source (12) for providing a collimated beam of light illuminating a test surface (18). A light detector (20) is mounted for rotation about the point of intersection of the illuminating beam on the test surface. A motor (44) drives the detector through a range of reflectance angles, and a microcomputer (52) digitizes the detector output periodically, storing the digitized data words in its memory (68). These stored words define a photogoniometric curve (FIG. 2A) including a specular portion (FIG. 2D) and a nonspecular, or diffuse, portion (FIG. 2C). A host computer (62) receives the photogoniometric data from the microcomputer, deconvolutes the data into spectral and diffuse portions, and analyzes the two portions separately from one another.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which is characterized by a motor, a transmission, e.g., a continuously variable ratio friction transmission, and apparatus for interrupting power to the motor for a precise interval of time. A particular utilization of this device is for a photosedimentometer to enable more accurate determinations of particle size and size distribution.