Abstract: Liquid is flash evaporated in a series of cells along and surrounding an exhaust duct to generate a pressurized vapor where at least one of the surfaces is in communication with the source of heat sufficient to maintain the surface at a temperature such that the liquid injected into the chamber is substantially instantly converted to a superheated vapor with no liquid pooling within the chamber. The liquid is introduced by controlled injectors operating at a required rate. Each of the cells is periodically discharged by a pressure controlled relief valve and the vapor from the cells combined to form a continuous stream feeding a turbine or other energy conversion device. The outer wall of the cell is offset so that it contacts the inner wall at one point around the periphery. Heat transfer ribs and bars can be provided in the duct to provide increased heat transfer where necessary.

Abstract: Liquid is flash evaporated in a series of cells along and surrounding an exhaust duct to generate a pressurized vapor where at least one of the surfaces is in communication with the source of heat sufficient to maintain the surface at a temperature such that the liquid injected into the chamber is substantially instantly converted to a superheated vapor with no liquid pooling within the chamber. The liquid is introduced by controlled injectors operating at a required rate. Each of the cells is periodically discharged by a pressure controlled relief valve and the vapor from the cells combined to form a continuous stream feeding a turbine or other energy conversion device. The outer wall of the cell is offset so that it contacts the inner wall at one point around the periphery. Heat transfer ribs and bars can be provided in the duct to provide increased heat transfer where necessary.

Abstract: A method of forming a sidewall for a reactor for oxidizing volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds, the sidewall being reactive with gaseous oxidation products produced by the oxidation of the volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds, includes, i) providing a dry mixture of material comprising by weight: from about 23% to 35% cement; from about 30% to 45% added CaO; from about 6% to 20% added Ca(OH).sub.2 ; and from about 10% to 25 % added CaSO.sub.4 ; ii) combining the dry mixture of material with water and forming a slurry therefrom; iii) forming the slurry into a desired reactor sidewall shape; and iv) hardening the shaped slurry into a hardened cement reactor sidewall.

Abstract: A method of forming a sidewall for a reactor for oxidizing volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds, the sidewall being reactive with gaseous oxidation products produced by the oxidation of the volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds, includes, i) providing a dry mixture of material comprising by weight: from about 23% to 35% cement; from about 30% to 45% added CaO; from about 6% to 20% added Ca(OH).sub.2 ; and from about 10% to 25% added CaSO.sub.4 ; ii) combining the dry mixture of material with water and forming a slurry therefrom; iii) forming the slurry into a desired reactor sidewall shape; and iv) hardening the shaped slurry into a hardened cement reactor sidewall. An apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds includes a reactor vessel comprising sidewalls having at least one baffle.

Abstract: An apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds includes: a) a reactor vessel having a plurality of reaction chambers provided therein, the reaction chambers having respective chamber lining sidewalls; b) a source of ultraviolet light provided within and along the reaction chambers to oxidize gaseous volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds fed to the reaction chambers into gaseous oxidation products; c) the sidewalls of the reaction chambers comprising a dry porous cementitious and chemically sorbent material, the sorbent material being chemically reactive with the gaseous oxidation products to produce solid reaction products incorporated in the reaction chamber sidewalls; and e) the sidewalls of the reaction chambers comprising a series of baffles mounted relative to the reactor vessel, the baffles defining a serpentine gas flow path within the reactor vessel between a gas inlet and a gas outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of photochemically oxidizing gaseous organic compounds, an apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous organic compounds, a lining insert for an apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous organic compounds, and a method for producing such a lining. The principal method comprises: a) exposing gaseous organic compounds to ultraviolet light to oxidize the gaseous organic compounds into gaseous oxidation products; and b) reacting the gaseous oxidation products with an internal surface of a reaction chamber, the internal surface comprising a dry porous cementitious and chemically sorbent material which is chemically reactive with the gaseous oxidation products, with the gaseous oxidation products being reacted with the dry porous cementitious material to produce solid reaction products incorporated in sidewalls of the chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of photochemically oxidizing gaseous halogenated organic compounds, an apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous halogenated organic compounds, a lining insert for an apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous halogenated organic compounds, and a method for producing such a lining. The principal method comprises: a) exposing gaseous halogenated organic compounds to ultraviolet light to oxidize the gaseous halogenated organic compounds into gaseous oxidation products; and b) reacting the gaseous oxidation products with an internal surface of a reaction chamber, the internal surface comprising a dry porous cementitious and chemically sorbent material which is chemically reactive with the gaseous oxidation products, with the gaseous oxidation products being reacted with the dry porous cementitious material to produce solid reaction products incorporated in sidewalls of the chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of photochemically oxidizing gaseous halogenated organic compounds, an apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous halogenated organic compounds, a lining insert for an apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous halogenated organic compounds, and a method for producing such a lining. The principal method comprises: a) exposing gaseous halogenated organic compounds to ultraviolet light to oxidize the gaseous halogenated organic compounds into gaseous oxidation products; and b) reacting the gaseous oxidation products with an internal surface of a reaction chamber, the internal surface comprising a dry porous cementitious and chemically sorbent material which is chemically reactive with the gaseous oxidation products, with the gaseous oxidation products being reacted with the dry porous cementitious material to produce solid reaction products incorporated in sidewalls of the chamber.