Abstract: The multi-compressor system (7) has a plurality of parallelly coupled compressors (8); inlet connection lines (15) each connected to a refrigerant suction fitting of a respective compressor (8); outlet connection lines (17) each connected to a refrigerant discharge fitting of a respective compressor (8); a common oil balancing line (18) and balancing connection lines (19) each connecting the common oil balancing line (18) to an oil balancing connection (21) of a respective compressor (8); and spring-loaded normally-open valves (25) each being arranged within a respective balancing connection line (19) or within an oil balancing connection (21) of a respective compressor (8) and each being configured to close when a pressure difference between a pressure prevailing in the low pressure volume of the respective compressor (8) and a pressure prevailing in the common oil balancing line (18) reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: A cardiac defibrillation system. The system comprising a housing and an implantable lead. The implantable lead comprising two ends, including a first end connected to the housing and a second end being a free end. The implantable lead also comprising a defibrillation electrode and at least three detection electrodes including a first detection electrode, a second detection electrode, and a third detection electrode. The first detection electrode and the second detection electrode forming a first dipole. The third detection electrode and the first detection electrode, or, the third detection electrode and the second detection electrode, or, the housing and one of said detection electrodes, forming a second dipole, where a length of the first dipole is between 5 and 50 millimeters and a length of the second dipole is between 50 and 400 millimeters.

Abstract: A subcutaneous cardiac defibrillation system implantable comprising a housing and a subcutaneous implantable lead comprising a proximal end connected to the housing and a distal free end. The subcutaneous implantable lead comprises at least one defibrillation electrode and at least three detection electrodes. The first detection electrode and the second detection electrode form a first dipole, and the third detection electrode and the first detection electrode, or the third detection electrode and the second detection electrode, or the housing and one of said detection electrodes, form a second dipole. The defibrillation electrode is positioned between the second detection electrode and the third detection electrode, the first dipole is positioned between the housing and the defibrillation electrode, the third electrode is positioned between the free distal end of the lead and the defibrillation electrode, and the length of the first dipole is shorter than the length of the second dipole.

Abstract: A communication system for enabling a writing operation in a memory of an implantable medical device. The communication system includes an intermediate proximity device configured to receive writing data transmitted by a main writing device, the intermediate proximity device configured to communicate with the implantable medical device. The system also includes a first external unlocking tool configured to transmit a detectable signal when the first external unlocking tool is located within a predetermined perimeter of the implantable medical device, where the intermediate proximity device is configured to cause the implantable medical device to write the writing data into the memory of the implantable medical device when the first external unlocking tool is in the predetermined perimeter of the implantable medical device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a method for improving the security of an operation for writing the memory of an active implantable medical device by long distance telemetry, in particular via network connection with a writing main device. The system and method according to the present invention comprise an intermediate proximity device allowing communication between the active implantable medical device and the main writing device and at least one unlocking tool allowing access to the active implantable medical device.

Abstract: An implantable cardiac device that detects and protects against strong magnetic fields produced by MRI equipment is disclosed. The device has a magnetic field sensor for detecting the presence of a relatively weak static magnetic field (102, 110, 118, 122) of a level equivalent to that of a permanent magnet in the vicinity of the device. The device is switched from a standard operating mode (100) where the nominal functions of the device are active, to a specific protected MRI mode (114, 116) in the presence of a magnetic static field of a level corresponding to that emitted by MRI equipment. The device further temporarily switches the device from the standard operating mode (100) to an MRI stand-by state (108) when a magnetic field is detected by the magnetic field sensor such that a subsequent detection of a magnetic field switches the device from an MRI stand-by state to the specific protected MRI mode.

Abstract: A subcutaneous cardiac defibrillation system implantable comprising a housing and a subcutaneous implantable lead comprising a proximal end connected to the housing and a distal free end. The subcutaneous implantable lead comprises at least one defibrillation electrode and at least three detection electrodes. The first detection electrode and the second detection electrode form a first dipole, and the third detection electrode and the first detection electrode, or the third detection electrode and the second detection electrode, or the housing and one of said detection electrodes, form a second dipole. The defibrillation electrode is positioned between the second detection electrode and the third detection electrode, the first dipole is positioned between the housing and the defibrillation electrode, the third electrode is positioned between the free distal end of the lead and the defibrillation electrode, and the length of the first dipole is shorter than the length of the second dipole.

Abstract: A subcutaneous implantable active medical device, in particular a subcutaneous cardiac defibrillator, comprising a housing and a subcutaneous implantable lead connected to the housing. The subcutaneous implantable lead comprises a plurality of sensing electrodes forming at least two dipoles from which at least two electrical signals are collected concurrently. The first dipole having a first length less than a second length of the second dipole. The subcutaneous implantable active medical device further comprises a controller configured to determine whether or not tachyarrhythmia is present by determining a criterion of similarity based on the electrical signals collected concurrently via the first dipole and via the second dipole during a defined series of cardiac cycles that is such that detection of a depolarization peak, corresponding to detection of an R wave, is performed via the first dipole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a method for improving the security of an operation for writing the memory of an active implantable medical device by long distance telemetry, in particular via network connection with a writing main device. The system and method according to the present invention comprise an intermediate proximity device allowing communication between the active implantable medical device and the main writing device and at least one unlocking tool allowing access to the active implantable medical device.

Abstract: An implantable device includes a lead, for example for neurostimulation of the vagus nerve. The lead includes a series of stimulation electrodes and a series of external electrodes for bioimpedance measurements on blood flow located in the same region, for example on the carotid artery. The device further includes means for separating into frequency bands the measured bioimpedance signal, the bands selected to reflect different respective activities such as vasomotor activity, hemodynamic activity, respiration, and cardiac rhythm activity.

Abstract: An implantable cardiac device that detects and protects against strong magnetic fields produced by MRI equipment is disclosed. The device has a magnetic field sensor for detecting the presence of a relatively weak static magnetic field (102, 110, 118, 122) of a level equivalent to that of a permanent magnet in the vicinity of the device. The device is switched from a standard operating mode (100) where the nominal functions of the device are active, to a specific protected MRI mode (114, 116) in the presence of a magnetic static field of a level corresponding to that emitted by MRI equipment. The device further temporarily switches the device from the standard operating mode (100) to an MRI stand-by state (108) when a magnetic field is detected by the magnetic field sensor such that a subsequent detection of a magnetic field switches the device from an MRI stand-by state to the specific protected MRI mode.

Abstract: An implantable cardiac device that detects and protects against strong magnetic fields produced by MRI equipment is disclosed. The device has a magnetic field sensor for detecting the presence of a relatively weak static magnetic field (102, 110, 118, 122) of a level equivalent to that of a permanent magnet in the vicinity of the device. The device is switched from a standard operating mode (100) where the nominal functions of the device are active, to a specific protected MRI mode (114, 116) in the presence of a magnetic static field of a level corresponding to that emitted by MRI equipment. The device further temporarily switches the device from the standard operating mode (100) to an MRI stand-by state (108) when a magnetic field is detected by the magnetic field sensor such that a subsequent detection of a magnetic field switches the device from an MRI stand-by state to the specific protected MRI mode.

Abstract: On a channel of an implantable cardiac generator, a cardiac lead is replaced by a vagus nerve stimulation VNS lead. The control circuit controlling the stimulation circuit of this channel of the generator is configured to generate sequences of VNS neurostimulation bursts according to a specific profile, synchronized or not with the heart rate. The control circuit dynamically controls the initial load voltage of the reservoir capacitor so as to adjust to a constant target value the electrical charge delivered to the nerve by each stimulating pulse, from a pulse to the next one and from a burst to the next one. This improves the consistency of the physiological effects of neurostimulation despite significant variations that may occur in impedance at the electrode/vagus nerve interface.

Abstract: A method for heart treatment includes analyzing the cardiac rhythm. The method further includes utilizing a generator to produce discharges (Si) of N pulses (I) of VNS stimulation in succession. The discharge may be synchronized to a detected R ventricular depolarization wave of each cardiac cycle. The method further includes controlling a stochastic modulation of the discharges control of the delivery of each VNS pulse of each discharge by selective inhibition or not of the generation of these VNS pulses. The number of pulses of each discharge thus randomly varies, and thus varies the VNS stimulation energy of this discharge, which is artificially induced, cycle-to-cycle variability in the RR interval. This stochastic therapy is applied if the spontaneous heart rate variability falls below a minimum level.

Abstract: This device comprises a generator producing bursts (Si) of N pulses (I) of VNS stimulation generated in succession during respective periods of activity (TON) separated by intermediate periods of inactivity (TOFF) during which no stimulation is issued. Stochastic modulation circuitry controls the delivery of the bursts of each of the N pulses of each VNS burst by selective inhibition or not, of the generation of each of the VNS pulses depending on the result of a respective randomization. The number of VNS pulses of each burst is thus randomly varying, and thus the VNS stimulation energy of this burst and the interval between successive pulses, which counteract the appearance of a physiological compensation loop.

Abstract: An implantable device includes a lead, for example for neurostimulation of the vagus nerve. The lead includes a series of stimulation electrodes and a series of external electrodes for bioimpedance measurements on blood flow located in the same region, for example on the carotid artery. The device further includes means for separating into frequency bands the measured bioimpedance signal, the bands selected to reflect different respective activities such as vasomotor activity, hemodynamic activity, respiration, and cardiac rhythm activity.

Abstract: On a channel of an implantable cardiac generator, a cardiac lead is replaced by a vagus nerve stimulation VNS lead. The control circuit controlling the stimulation circuit of this channel of the generator is configured to generate sequences of VNS neurostimulation bursts according to a specific profile, synchronized or not with the heart rate. The control circuit dynamically controls the initial load voltage of the reservoir capacitor so as to adjust to a constant target value the electrical charge delivered to the nerve by each stimulating pulse, from a pulse to the next one and from a burst to the next one. This improves the consistency of the physiological effects of neurostimulation despite significant variations that may occur in impedance at the electrode/vagus nerve interface.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for protecting against effects of magnetic fields are provided. One implantable medical device includes a lead including a first conductor and a second conductor. The device further includes a generator including an electronic circuit, a metal housing that has a ground potential, and one or more switching devices. The switching devices, in a safekeeping configuration, are configured to disconnect the second conductor from the electronic circuit and to connect the second conductor to the ground potential of the metal housing. The first conductor is connected to the electronic circuit in the safekeeping configuration. The switching devices, in the safekeeping configuration, are configured to cause the second conductor to shield the first conductor from at least a portion of the effects of the magnetic field while the first conductor remains connected to the electronic circuit for use in performing a sensing operation and/or a stimulation operation.

Abstract: A method for heart treatment includes analyzing the cardiac rhythm. The method further includes utilizing a generator to produce discharges (Si) of N pulses (I) of VNS stimulation in succession. The discharge may be synchronized to a detected R ventricular depolarization wave of each cardiac cycle. The method further includes controlling a stochastic modulation of the discharges control of the delivery of each VNS pulse of each discharge by selective inhibition or not of the generation of these VNS pulses. The number of pulses of each discharge thus randomly varies, and thus varies the VNS stimulation energy of this discharge, which is artificially induced, cycle-to-cycle variability in the RR interval. This stochastic therapy is applied if the spontaneous heart rate variability falls below a minimum level.

Abstract: This device comprises a generator producing bursts (Si) of N pulses (I) of VNS stimulation generated in succession during respective periods of activity (TON) separated by intermediate periods of inactivity (TOFF) during which no stimulation is issued. Stochastic modulation means control the delivery of the bursts of each of the N pulses of each VNS burst by selective inhibition or not, of the generation of each of said VNS pulses depending on the result of a respective randomization. The number of VNS pulses of each burst is thus randomly varying, and thus the VNS stimulation energy of this burst and the interval between successive pulses, which counteract the appearance of a physiological compensation loop.