Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method includes steps of: (i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture; (ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4,1? and 6? positions thereof; and (iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein before said quenching, a portion of said tertiary amide is removed by extraction into a solvent in which said tertiary amide is at least partially soluble.

Abstract: A method of obtaining purified DMF from a mixture comprising DMF and hydrogen chloride (HCl) involving distillation is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method includes steps of: (i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture; (ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1? and 6? positions thereof; and (iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein before said quenching, a portion of said tertiary amide is removed by extraction into a solvent in which said tertiary amide is at least partially soluble.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method includes steps of: (i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture; (ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1? and 6? positions thereof; and (iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein before said quenching, a portion of said tertiary amide is removed by extraction into a solvent in which said tertiary amide is at least partially soluble.

Abstract: A method of obtaining purified DMF from a mixture comprising DMF and hydrogen chloride (HCl) involving distillation is provided.

Abstract: There is provided a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate, wherein said method comprises the following steps (i) to (v): (i) providing a first component comprising sucrose-6-acylate; (ii) providing a second component comprising a chlorinating agent; (iii) combining said first component and said second component to afford a mixture; (iv) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1? and 6? positions thereof; (v) quenching said mixture to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein at least one of said first component and said second component comprises a reaction vehicle, and said reaction vehicle comprises a tertiary amide; and wherein said mixture comprises a cosolvent during a least a portion of the heating period of step (iv), wherein said cosolvent comprises perfluorooctane.

Abstract: A method of obtaining purified DMF from a mixture comprising DMF and hydrogen chloride (HCl) involving distillation is provided.

Abstract: There is provided a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate, wherein said method comprises the following steps (i) to (v): (i) providing a first component comprising sucrose-6-acylate; (ii) providing a second component comprising a chlorinating agent; (iii) combining said first component and said second component to afford a mixture; (iv) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1? and 6? positions thereof; (v) quenching said mixture to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein at least one of said first component and said second component comprises a reaction vehicle, and said reaction vehicle comprises a tertiary amide; and wherein said mixture comprises a cosolvent during a least a portion of the heating period of step (iv), wherein said cosolvent comprises dimethylacetamide (DMAc).

Abstract: There is provided a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate, wherein said method comprises the following steps (i) to (v): (i) providing a first component comprising sucrose-6-acylate; (ii) providing a second component comprising a chlorinating agent; (iii) combining said first component and said second component to afford a mixture; (iv) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1? and 6? positions thereof; (v) quenching said mixture to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein at least one of said first component and said second component comprises a reaction vehicle, and said reaction vehicle comprises a tertiary amide; and wherein said mixture comprises a cosolvent during a least a portion of the heating period of step (iv), wherein said cosolvent comprises perfluorooctane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method includes steps of: (i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture; (ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1? and 6? positions thereof; and (iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein before said quenching, a portion of said tertiary amide is removed by extraction into a solvent in which said tertiary amide is at least partially soluble.

Abstract: There is provided a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate, wherein said method comprises the following steps (i) to (v): (i) providing a first component comprising sucrose-6-acylate; (ii) providing a second component comprising a chlorinating agent; (iii) combining said first component and said second component to afford a mixture; (iv) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1? and 6? positions thereof; (v) quenching said mixture to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein at least one of said first component and said second component comprises a reaction vehicle, and said reaction vehicle comprises a tertiary amide; and wherein said mixture comprises a cosolvent during a least a portion of the heating period of step (iv), wherein said cosolvent comprises dimethylacetamide (DMAc).

Abstract: A method of obtaining purified DMF from a mixture comprising DMF and hydrogen chloride (HCl) involving distillation is provided.

Abstract: A method of removing a carboxylic acid from a liquid including a tertiary amide solvent includes: forming an extraction medium including an acid-extracting tin species and an extraction solvent that is immiscible with the tertiary amide solvent; subsequently contacting the liquid with the extraction medium, forming a phase including a de-acidified tertiary amide solvent and a phase including the extraction solvent; and removing the phase including the extraction solvent, to afford a liquid including the de-acidified tertiary amide solvent. The acid-extracting tin species is one or more tin species obtained by reaction of a di(hydrocarbyl) tin oxide with less than one equivalent of a carboxylic acid, or tin species obtainable by reaction of a 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra-(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane with an aqueous base. A method of preparing a sucralose-6-acylate includes uses the foregoing method to remove a carboxylic acid from a liquid including a tertiary amide solvent and the sucralose-6-acylate.

Abstract: A method of removing a carboxylic acid from a liquid including a tertiary amide solvent includes: A) forming an extraction medium including an acid-extracting tin species and an extraction solvent that is immiscible with the tertiary amide solvent; B) subsequently contacting the liquid with the extraction medium, forming a phase including a de-acidified tertiary amide solvent and a phase including the extraction solvent; and C) removing the phase including the extraction solvent, to afford a liquid including the de-acidified tertiary amide solvent. The acid-extracting tin species is one or more tin species obtainable by reaction of a di(hydrocarbyl)tin oxide with less than one equivalent of a carboxylic acid, tin species obtainable by reaction of a 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra-(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane with an aqueous base.

Abstract: A process for producing an enzyme-resistant starch uses an aqueous feed composition that comprises (i) starch that contains at least about 50% by weight amylose, (ii) water, and (iii) alcohol. The concentration of starch in the feed composition is between about 5% and about 50% by weight, and the pH of the feed composition is between about 3.5 and about 6.5. In a first heating step, the feed composition is heated to a temperature between about 130-170° C. for about 0.1-3.0 hours. The feed composition is cooled to a temperature between about 4-70° C. for about 0.1-6.0 hours. In a second heating step, the feed composition is heated to a temperature between about 110-150° C. for about 0.1-10.0 hours. The starch is separated from the majority of the water and alcohol and is dried.

Abstract: A process for producing an enzyme-resistant starch uses an aqueous feed composition that comprises (i) starch that contains at least about 50% by weight amylose, (ii) water, and (iii) alcohol. The concentration of starch in the feed composition is between about 5% and about 50% by weight, and the pH of the feed composition is between about 3.5 and about 6.5. In a first heating step, the feed composition is heated to a temperature between about 130-170° C. for about 0.1-3.0 hours. The feed composition is cooled to a temperature between about 4-70° C. for about 0.1-6.0 hours. In a second heating step, the feed composition is heated to a temperature between about 110-150° C. for about 0.1-10.0 hours. The starch is separated from the majority of the water and alcohol and is dried.

Abstract: A process for producing an enzyme-resistant starch uses an aqueous feed composition that comprises (i) starch that contains at least about 50% by weight amylose, (ii) water, and (iii) alcohol. The concentration of starch in the feed composition is between about 5% and about 50% by weight, and the pH of the feed composition is between about 3.5 and about 6.5. In a first heating step, the feed composition is heated to a temperature between about 130-170° C. for about 0.1-3.0 hours. The feed composition is cooled to a temperature between about 4-70° C. for about 0.1-6.0 hours. In a second heating step, the feed composition is heated to a temperature between about 110-150° C. for about 0.1-10.0 hours. The starch is separated from the majority of the water and alcohol and is dried.

Abstract: We disclose a composition comprising greater than about 95% d.s.b. of a starch comprising short chain amylose having an average degree of polymerization (DP) from about 20 to about 150, wherein an aqueous slurry comprising about 20% d.s.b. of the composition has a minimum yield stress of at least 400 Pa. We also disclose a method of preparing the composition comprising contacting a starch paste with a 4-?-glucanotransferase, to yield a chain-extended starch; contacting the chain-extended starch with a debranching enzyme, to yield a debranched starch; crystallizing the debranched starch, to yield a crystallized debranched starch; and shearing the crystallized debranched starch, to yield the composition. We also disclose a food formulation comprising a foodstuff and the composition.

Abstract: A decoy fin has a unitary body divided into at least three generally planar sections. These sections combine to form a generally helical surface which, when submerged in fluid moving relative thereto, will generate cyclical oscillatory movement. In one manifestation, the decoy fin is coupled through one tether line to an avian decoy such as a duck or goose decoy, and is coupled through a second tether line to an anchor. Consequently, when the combination anchor, decoy fin, decoy and tether lines are immersed in moving water, such as a stream or river, the decoy fin is operative to move the decoy therewith through an oscillatory pattern. The decoy fin is adaptable to application to a number of different types and sizes of avian decoys, and may also be readily adapted for use with fishing lures or for other decoys.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch comprises treating a feed starch that comprises amylopectin with glucanotransferase to produce a chain-extended starch, treating the chain-extended starch with a debranching enzyme to produce a starch product that comprises amylose fragments, crystallizing at least part of the starch product, heating the starch product in the presence of moisture, treating the starch product with alpha-amylase, and washing the starch product to remove at least some non-crystallized starch. The product of this process has a relatively high total dietary fiber content.