Abstract: Pre-lithiation methods using lithium vanadium fluorophosphate (e.g., LiVPO4F and its derivatives) (“LVPF”) as a cathode active material in a lithium-ion secondary battery. The pre-lithiation methods include compensating for an expected loss of active lithium by selecting LVPF having a specific pre-lithiated chemistry (or a blend of LVPF selected to have a specific pre-lithiated chemistry) and selecting a total amount of the pre-lithiated LVPF. The pre-lithiation methods may include initially charging the lithium-ion secondary battery at the lower of the two charge/discharge plateaus of LVPF to release active lithium.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material for a lithium-ion battery, the positive electrode active material including a blend of a doped lithium manganese iron phosphate (dLMFP) according to the formula: LiMnxFeyM1?x?yPO4, wherein 0.9<x+y<1; and M is one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and Ba with one or both of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NMC) compound having a Ni content greater than 0.6 relative to a total amount of metals other than Li and a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) compound. In particular, provided is a blend at a weight ratio of dLMFP to NMC and/or NCA (i.e., dLMFP:(NMC+NCA)) of >70:<30, such as 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, etc.

Abstract: A lithium-ion secondary battery, including (A) an anode including an anode active material; (B) a cathode including a cathode active material; (C) a separator; and (D) an electrolytic solution, the anode active material including (a1) about 5.0 to about 45.0 wt % natural graphite particles, and (a2) about 95.0 to about 55.0 wt % artificial graphite particles; a size of both the natural and artificial graphite particles (a1), (a2) independently being about 2.0 ?m<D50<about 7.0 ?m; the electrolytic solution containing (d1) an organic solvent, (d2) a charge carrier, and (d3) one or more additive compounds for forming a solid electrolyte interphase (“SEI”) on the anode; and the organic solvent (d1) including about 10.0 to about 95.0 vol % of a linear ester of a C2 to C8 saturated acid; and a total weight of the additive compounds (d3) being about 0.20 to about 6.0 wt %.

Abstract: Provided is pouch battery including an electrode assembly, and a case in which the electrode assembly is sealed and housed; the electrode assembly including a stacked structure of a sheet cathode, a sheet separator, and a sheet anode; the sheet cathode including a positive electrode active material disposed on a current collector; the sheet anode is thin conductive sheet on which lithium metal reversibly deposits on a surface thereof during discharging; the sheet anode being made of a conductive material other than lithium and having a surface substantially free from lithium metal prior to charging the battery. The pouch battery design is flexible and lightweight and provides high power density, making it a suitable replacement for conventional lithium-ion primary batteries and thermal batteries in many applications. Power can be further increased by the application of external compression. Additives and formation conditions can be tailored for forming a solid-electrolyte interface (SEI).

Abstract: Pre-lithiation methods using lithium vanadium fluorophosphate (e.g., LiVPO4F and its derivatives) (“LVPF”) as a cathode active material in a lithium-ion secondary battery. The pre-lithiation methods include compensating for an expected loss of active lithium by selecting LVPF having a specific pre-lithiated chemistry (or a blend of LVPF selected to have a specific pre-lithiated chemistry) and selecting a total amount of the pre-lithiated LVPF. The pre-lithiation methods may include initially charging the lithium-ion secondary battery at the lower of the two charge/discharge plateaus of LVPF to release active lithium.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte for low temperature operation of lithium titanate electrodes, graphite electrodes, and lithium-ion batteries as well as electrodes and batteries employing the same. The electrolyte contains 1 to 30 vol % of a low molecular weight ester having a molecular weight of less than 105 g/mol and at least one non-fluorinated carbonate. An electrolyte additive may include 0.1 to 10 wt % of fluorinated ethylene carbonate, particularly when used with a graphite anode. Another electrolyte contains a high content of the low molecular weight ester of at least 70 vol %.

Abstract: Provided is pouch battery including an electrode assembly, and a case in which the electrode assembly is sealed and housed; the electrode assembly including a stacked structure of a sheet cathode, a sheet separator, and a sheet anode; the sheet cathode including a positive electrode active material disposed on a current collector; the sheet anode is thin conductive sheet on which lithium metal reversibly deposits on a surface thereof during discharging; the sheet anode being made of a conductive material other than lithium and having a surface substantially free from lithium metal prior to charging the battery. The pouch battery design is flexible and lightweight and provides high power density, making it a suitable replacement for conventional lithium-ion primary batteries and thermal batteries in many applications. Power can be further increased by the application of external compression. Additives and formation conditions can be tailored for forming a solid-electrolyte interface (SEI).

Abstract: Provided are battery modules having two different types electrochemistry connected in series, which includes a plurality of a first cell, wherein the first cell includes an anode active material of graphite, Si, SiOx, or a blend thereof as a main component (“a GSi cell”), and at least one of a second cell, wherein the second cell includes an anode active material of a lithium titanate oxide or titanate oxide able to be lithiated as a main component (“a LTO cell”). Also provided are battery systems that include a plurality of the battery modules.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material for a lithium-ion battery, the positive electrode active material including a blend of a doped lithium manganese iron phosphate (dLMFP) according to the formula: LiMnxFeyM1?x?yPO4, wherein 0.9<x+y<1; and M is one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and Ba with one or both of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NMC) compound having a Ni content greater than 0.6 relative to a total amount of metals other than Li and a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) compound. In particular, provided is a blend at a weight ratio of dLMFP to NMC and/or NCA (i.e., dLMFP:(NMC+NCA)) of >70:<30, such as 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, etc.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte for low temperature operation of lithium titanate electrodes, graphite electrodes, and lithium-ion batteries as well as electrodes and batteries employing the same. The electrolyte contains 1 to 30 vol % of a low molecular weight ester having a molecular weight of less than 105 g/mol and at least one non-fluorinated carbonate. An electrolyte additive may include 0.1 to 10 wt % of fluorinated ethylene carbonate, particularly when used with a graphite anode. Another electrolyte contains a high content of the low molecular weight ester of at least 70 vol %.

Abstract: A Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite has 95 to 105 minutes orbit time with only 60-65 minutes available for recharging. Due to the low charge capability of a Li-ion graphite cell, depth of discharge is limited for this application. The cell of the invention using a lithiated titanate oxide or a titanate oxide able to be lithiated in the negative electrode allows increase of depth of discharge. Increasing charge rate without amplifying capacity loss per cycle allows improvement of useful specific energy per cycle. Depth of discharge values up to 70-80% can be envisioned. Even if the cell exhibits low specific energy, the LEO application is a specific case where useful energy per cycle can be optimized to 70 to 80 Wh/kg.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells, each of the fuel cells including an electrolyte membrane disposed between an anode and a cathode, an anode supply manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, the anode supply manifold providing fluid communication between a source of hydrogen and the anodes, an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, and a fan in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, wherein the fan controls a flow of fluid through the anodes of the fuel cells after the fuel cell system is shutdown.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery including a negative electrode (anode) containing lithium titanate oxide (Li4Ti5O12) (LTO) as an active material and a stable interface layer disposed on a surface of the electrode; a positive electrode (cathode); an electrolyte containing a solvent and an impedance growth reducing additive; and a separator disposed between the electrodes. The LTO-based cell with the stable interface layer on the negative electrode is formed by holding the potential of the negative electrode below the reduction potential of the impedance growth reducing additive for a sufficient length of time during a first formation cycle. The stable interface layer on the negative electrode mitigates impedance growth on the positive electrode over cycle life. When the impedance growth reducing additive is fluoroethylene carbonate (C3H3FO3), the stable interface layer includes a LiF deposit.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a maximum average cell voltage set-point for fuel cells in a fuel cell stack that considers oxidation of the catalyst in the fuel cells. The method includes determining the average cell voltage, the stack current density (I) and an internal resistance (R) of membranes in the fuel cells to calculate an IR corrected average cell voltage. The IR corrected average cell voltage is then used to determine the oxidation state of the catalyst particles using, for example, an empirical model. The oxidation state of the particles is then used to calculate the maximum average cell voltage set-point of the fuel cells, which is used to set the minimum power requested from the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a maximum average cell voltage set-point for fuel cells in a fuel cell stack that considers oxidation of the catalyst in the fuel cells. The method includes determining the average cell voltage, the stack current density (I) and an internal resistance (R) of membranes in the fuel cells to calculate an IR corrected average cell voltage. The IR corrected average cell voltage is then used to determine the oxidation state of the catalyst particles using, for example, an empirical model. The oxidation state of the particles is then used to calculate the maximum average cell voltage set-point of the fuel cells, which is used to set the minimum power requested from the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a maximum average cell voltage set-point for fuel cells in a fuel cell stack that considers oxidation of the catalyst in the fuel cells. The method includes determining the average cell voltage, the stack current density (I) and an internal resistance (R) of membranes in the fuel cells to calculate an IR corrected average cell voltage. The IR corrected average cell voltage is then used to determine the oxidation state of the catalyst particles using, for example, an empirical model. The oxidation state of the particles is then used to calculate the maximum average cell voltage set-point of the fuel cells, which is used to set the minimum power requested from the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells, each of the fuel cells including an electrolyte membrane disposed between an anode and a cathode, an anode supply manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, the anode supply manifold providing fluid communication between a source of hydrogen and the anodes, an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, and a fan in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, wherein the fan controls a flow of fluid through the anodes of the fuel cells after the fuel cell system is shutdown.

Abstract: An ink composition for forming a fuel cell electrode, and in particular, a fuel cell cathode layer is provided. The ink composition includes a first protogenic group-containing ionomer having an equivalent weight less than 800, an optional second protogenic group-containing ionomer having an equivalent weight greater than 800, and a catalyst composition. Electrode layers formed from the ink composition are also provided.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells, each of the fuel cells including an electrolyte membrane disposed between an anode and a cathode, an anode supply manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, the anode supply manifold providing fluid communication between a source of hydrogen and the anodes, an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, and a fan in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, wherein the fan controls a flow of fluid through the anodes of the fuel cells after the fuel cell system is shutdown.

Abstract: An ink composition for forming a fuel cell electrode, and in particular, a fuel cell cathode layer is provided. The ink composition includes a first protogenic group-containing ionomer having an equivalent weight less than 800, an optional second protogenic group-containing ionomer having an equivalent weight greater than 800, and a catalyst composition. Electrode layers formed from the ink composition are also provided.