Abstract: A mask forming system for protecting a structure and a method of forming a mask for protecting the structure includes a masking material having a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer sandwiched together. The masking material is unrolled across a platform and a plurality of features are generated in the masking material, wherein the features include printing, kiss cutting, and double-kiss cutting the masking material. Data is printed on the first layer of the masking material. The first layer of the masking material is kiss cut. The second layer of the masking material is double-kiss cut. The third layer remains uncut and unprinted on during the formation of the mask. The masking material remains in the same orientation during printing and kiss cutting of the first layer, and the masking material remains in the same orientation during double-kiss cutting of the second layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an access box including a pivotal mounting panel to which a fiber optic adapter is mounted. The access box also includes a removable faceplate and a cover panel pivotable relative to the faceplate such that when the cover panel is in a closed position, the cover panel is substantially parallel to the faceplate, and wherein when the cover panel is in an open position, the cover panel is at an angle to the faceplate. The access box further includes an access panel pivotably secured to the cover panel. The access panel is movable between a first access panel position where the access panel blocks access to the adapter, and a second access panel position where the access panel allows access to the adapter.

Abstract: The present invention provides switches and routers, preferably with fully-connected mesh fabrics, that transmit data through the switch fabric in variable-size data units. Variable-size data units allow switches and routers to provide throughputs close to hardware capabilities, eliminating the need for over-capacity hardware in the switch fabric and other components. Along with variably-size data units, preferred embodiments of this invention include scheduling methods that provide fair allocation of pre-determined bandwidths to different protocols, to different classes of service within protocols, and to different resources within the switch by use of certain weighted, fair scheduling methods. The switches and routers of this invention are particularly directed to multi-protocol, high-throughput communication applications, but may have wide applicability in systems generally where data packets are switched or routed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an access box including a pivotal mounting panel to which a fiber optic adapter is mounted. The access box also includes a removable faceplate and a cover panel pivotable relative to the faceplate such that when the cover panel is in a closed position, the cover panel is substantially parallel to the faceplate, and wherein when the cover panel is in an open position, the cover panel is at an angle to the faceplate. The access box further includes an access panel pivotably secured to the cover panel. The access panel is movable between a first access panel position where the access panel blocks access to the adapter, and a second access panel position where the access panel allows access to the adapter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to communications networks, and more particularly to packet switching and routing devices used in communication networks that provide efficient multicast services. The invention provides methods and systems for switching and routing of multicast data packets in two stages. In particular, in the first stage a received multicast data packet is in an internal multicast operation by an ingress line card across a switching fabric to a plurality of egress line cards through which multicast destinations of the packet are reachable. In a second stage each egress line card further replicates the data packet to the actual transmission links across which the multicast group are reachable. This invention also includes system performing this method. The invention reduces the service time for the multicast packets making it the same as for the unicast packets, and provides for better system throughput in comparison to traditional systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston (10) for an internal combustion engine, having a combustion depression (13) which is provided in the piston head (11) and has an encircling undercut (14), wherein the encircling depression edge (15) which connects the undercut (14) to the piston head (11) has alternately rounded (16, 17) and sharp-edged depression edge regions (18, 19). It is provided according to the invention that the encircling depression edge (15) merges along its entire periphery into a planar encircling face (20) which in turn merges along its entire periphery with a sharp edge into the undercut (14).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piston (10) for an internal combustion engine, having a combustion depression (13) which is provided in the piston head (11) and has an encircling undercut (14), wherein the encircling depression edge (15) which connects the undercut (14) to the piston head (11) has alternately rounded (16, 17) and sharp-edged depression edge regions (18, 19). It is provided according to the invention that the encircling depression edge (15) merges along its entire periphery into a planar encircling face (20) which in turn merges along its entire periphery with a sharp edge into the undercut (14).

Abstract: The present invention provides hierarchical structures of queues and schedulers for switches and routers with, preferably fully-connected, mesh fabrics, for efficiently and properly handling the quality or service requirements of multiple network services, such as ATM and IP, in switch or router. The switches of this invention provide, for example, fair allocation of bandwidths to different network services, to different QoS classes within network services, and to different resources within the switch by use of, preferably, weighted, fair scheduling methods. The switches and routers of this invention are particularly directed to multi-protocol, high-throughput communication application, but may have wide applicability in systems generally where data packets are switched or routed.

Abstract: A methodology is provided for fault detection and service restoration in a multiservice switch on a per flow basis. An ingress source transmits the same data over each of two redundant cores. An egress receiver selects on a per flow bass which core to utilize. Bi-directional flows are not necessarily grouped together. The basic approach to fault detection is to assume that the two cores are not in lock step, but that the shelves are continually monitoring link flows for control path data as well as user data. The path monitoring is accomplished using a combination of arbiter and aggregator functions found in the service shelves and core interface cards, respectively. The arbiter transmits link test cells to both cores on a per flow basis, wherein the link test cells traverse and are monitored by respective aggregators to and from each core. When an egress arbiter determines that a flow is bad, it initiates a switch to the alternative source core, from which the flow would continue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising piston-pin bores, into which lubrication grooves that run around the nadir and equator zones of said bores are machined. The aim of the invention, is to simplify the production of the piston-pin bores provided with said lubrication grooves. To achieve this, each of the lubrication grooves has a central region, whose groove base has a depth of less than 100 ?m. Said central region is flanked by groove areas facing towards the interior and exterior of the piston. The bases of said grooves are inclined towards the longitudinal axis, each forming an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the piston-pin bore.

Abstract: The present invention is a methodology for controlled switchover of unicast and multicast data flows in packet based switching system. In some cases it is advantageous to purposefully support switchover of flows from one path to the other without causing loss of data. This is termed a “controlled” or “hitless” switchover. In accordance with the present invention switchover methodology, given that an ingress arbiter device is transmitting to both cores simultaneously, it is required that the flows to both switching cores be synchronized at an aggregator level and that an egress arbiter be given time to cease receiving packets from one Core then switch over to the other Core, and continue receiving packets.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising piston-pin bores, into which lubrication grooves that run around the nadir and equator zones of said bores are machined. The aim of the invention, is to simplify the production of the piston-pin bores provided with said lubrication grooves. To achieve this, each of the lubrication grooves has a central region, whose groove base has a depth of less than 100 ?m. Said central region is flanked by groove areas facing towards the interior and exterior of the piston. The bases of said grooves are inclined towards the longitudinal axis, each forming an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the piston-pin bore.

Abstract: The present invention provides switching and routing systems and methods useful in packet switching communication networks that efficiently reroute packet traffic through a switch or router upon failure of a line card. According to the invention, every line card on the switch is designated as either primary or protection, and has a redundancy table stored locally that is indexed by the slot ID holding a primary line card, and includes an indicator of whether 1+1 redundancy is configured, an indicator of whether N:1 redundancy is enabled, and a slot ID holding the corresponding protection line card. Each ingress line card consults its locally stored redundancy data in order to correctly forward packets across a switch fabric to proper egress line cards in cases of normal operations and in cases of line card failure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to communications networks, and more particularly to packet switching and routing devices used in communication networks that provide efficient multicast services. The invention provides methods and systems for switching and routing of multicast data packets in two stages. In particular, in the first stage a received multicast data packet is in an internal multicast operation by an ingress line card across a switching fabric to a plurality of egress line cards through which multicast destinations of the packet are reachable. In a second stage each egress line card further replicates the data packet to the actual transmission links across which the multicast group are reachable. This invention also includes system performing this method. The invention reduces the service time for the multicast packets making it the same as for the unicast packets, and provides for better system throughput in comparison to traditional systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides hierarchical structures of queues and schedulers for switches and routers with, preferably fully-connected, mesh fabrics, for efficiently and properly handling the quality or service requirements of multiple network services, such as ATM and IP, in switch or router. The switches of this invention provide, for example, fair allocation of bandwidths to different network services, to different QoS classes within network services, and to different resources within the switch by use of, preferably, weighted, fair scheduling methods. The switches and routers of this invention are particularly directed to multi-protocol, high-throughput communication application, but may have wide applicability in systems generally where data packets are switched or routed.

Abstract: The present invention provides switches and routers, preferably with fully-connected mesh fabrics, that transmit data through the switch fabric in variable-size data units. Variable-size data units allow switches and routers to provide throughputs close to hardware capabilities, eliminating the need for over-capacity hardware in the switch fabric and other components. Along with variably-size data units, preferred embodiments of this invention include scheduling methods that provide fair allocation of pre-determined bandwidths to different protocols, to different classes of service within protocols, and to different resources within the switch by use of certain weighted, fair scheduling methods. The switches and routers of this invention are particularly directed to multi-protocol, high-throughput communication applications, but may have wide applicability in systems generally where data packets are switched or routed.

Abstract: The present invention is a core interface mechanism that permits 1:N type port protection on the core side of the switch such that core bandwidth is not wasted by the direct connection of service cards to the switching core. In an exemplary embodiment, a core interface module supports up to two active service cards and one dedicated protection service card. To provide increased efficiency and lower cost the redundant service card does not strand user bandwidth in the switch core. In an exemplary embodiment, the core interface includes a plurality of core side input and output ports for coupling to the switching core and a plurality of card side input and output ports for coupling to the service cards. A data flow switch function couples between the core side ports and the card side ports. The data flow switch function operates to complete data flow paths between the core side ports and the card side ports.

Abstract: The control and management of Quality of Service (“QOS”) levels within a communications system is simplified by reducing the complexity of the control section. Instead of having individual control sections dedicated to each QOS level, one control section is used in conjunction with a number of QOS counters to manage a plurality of QOS levels.

Abstract: A packet-based switching device includes a plurality of physical layer interfaces, such as SONET/SDH layer 1 interfaces, and one or more higher-layer processors, such as SONET/SDH layer 2 or 3 processors. One or more digital cross-connects are interposed between the physical layer interfaces and the higher-layer processors. Each digital cross-connect routes communications traffic between the physical layer interfaces and the higher-layer processors. A packet switch core, such as an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch core, routes traffic among higher-layer processors.

Abstract: The present invention is a methodology for controlled switchover of unicast and multicast data flows in packet based switching system. In some cases it is advantageous to purposefully support switchover of flows from one path to the other without causing loss of data. This is termed a “controlled” or “hitless” switchover. For example, it may be required to upgrade or replace a card and it is desirous to do this without taking an “Errored Second” hit at the system level. In accordance with the present invention switchover methodology, given that an ingress arbiter device is transmitting to both cores simultaneously, it is required that the flows to both switching cores be synchronized at an aggregator level and that an egress arbiter be given time to cease receiving packets from one Core then switch over to the other Core, and continue receiving packets.