Abstract: Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative substituted with an amine and a crosslinking agent. The formulation is drain compatible with other solvents used in the semiconductor industry.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative and a crosslinking agent. Further disclosed is a process for forming a hard-mask.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative substituted with an amine and a crosslinking agent. The formulation is drain compatible with other solvents used in the semiconductor industry.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative and a crosslinking agent. Further disclosed is a process for forming a hard-mask.

Abstract: The present application for patent discloses a composition of matter comprising: comprising a solvent; and an ester having a chemical structure chosen from (I), (II), or (III); wherein X and Y are the same or different, wherein at least one of X and Y comprises an acid labile group, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R2 is chosen from hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R3 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, and R4 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms and A? is an anion.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: The present application for patent discloses a composition of matter comprising: comprising a solvent; and an ester having a chemical structure chosen from (I), (II), or (III); wherein X and Y are the same or different, wherein at least one of X and Y comprises an acid labile group, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R2 is chosen from hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R3 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, and R4 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms and A? is an anion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel two-step photoresist compositions and processes. The processes involve removing acid-labile groups in step one and crosslinking the remaining material with themselves or added crosslinking systems in step two. The incorporation of a multistep pathway in the resist catalytic chain increases the chemical gradient in areas receiving a low dose of irradiation, effectively acting as a built in dose depend quencher-analog and thus enhancing chemical gradient and thus resolution. The photoresist compositions and the methods are ideal for fine pattern processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and charged particle rays. Dual functionality photosensitive compositions and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition of matter having a general structure chosen from (I), (II), (III) or (IV); wherein X and Y are the same or different, wherein at least one of X and Y comprises an acid labile group, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R2 is chosen from hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R3 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, and R4 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition of matter having a general structure chosen from (I), (II), (III) or (IV); at least one photo acid generator; at least one crosslinker; and at least one solvent; wherein X and Y are the same or different, wherein at least one of X and Y comprises an acid labile group, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R2 is chosen from hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R3 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, and R4 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel two-step photoresist compositions and processes. The processes involve removing acid-labile groups in step one and crosslinking the remaining material with themselves or added crosslinking systems in step two. The incorporation of a multistep pathway in the resist catalytic chain increases the chemical gradient in areas receiving a low dose of irradiation, effectively acting as a built in dose depend quencher-analog and thus enhancing chemical gradient and thus resolution. The photoresist compositions and the methods are ideal for fine pattern processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and charged particle rays. Dual functionality photosensitive compositions and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition of matter having a general structure chosen from (I), (II), (III) or (IV); at least one photo acid generator; at least one crosslinker; and at least one solvent; wherein X and Y are the same or different, wherein at least one of X and Y comprises an acid labile group, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R2 is chosen from hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R3 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, and R4 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition of matter having a general structure chosen from (I), (II), (III) or (IV); wherein X and Y are the same or different, wherein at least one of X and Y comprises an acid labile group, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R2 is chosen from hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R3 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, and R4 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: Improved methods of fullerene derivative production including use of less solvent, or elimination of solvent, as well as use of shorter reaction times and higher reaction temperatures. Methods useful for production of bis-, tris-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-fullerene derivatives. Indene is a preferred derivative. The derivatives used in active layers for solar cell applications.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: Core shell particles and bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices using the core shell particles are described. In particular, core shell particles having a core particle and a shell of a second material and bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices using the core-shell particles are described. The core-shell particles can have a core particle with an electron donating material or a core particle with an electron donating material. Formation of a hulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic device using such an core-shell particles forming an interpenetrating network with the an electron donating or electron accepting phase is also described.