Abstract: A method and apparatus for concurrent introduction of molten steel and gas-fluidized chemical steel additives, such as chemical desulphurants, into a teeming ladle 10. Injection apparatus includes a lance 52 arranged to remain with the vessel. Introduction of gas-fluidized additives through a lance opening 81 is commenced while a charge of molten steel is introduced into the ladle. The lance is unobstructed at its discharge end and in one embodiment is carried directly by a discharge stopper 31".

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making steel in a basic oxygen furnace installation, in which water is sprayed from a central location within and at the open end of an exhaust hood 12 outwardly toward the inside hood surface to cool the hood and wet the off-gases during a blow. A ring-like spray manifold 22 is supported on an oxygen lance 14 for automatic insertion to the proper location in the hood, for removal with the lance, and for automatic operation concurrently with the supplying of oxygen.

Abstract: A vessel, particularly a ladle, and method for mixing molten metal. The vessel is adapted to be used in an upright position and has bottom openings, including at least one first opening for the introduction of gas under pressure to stir the contents, and a second opening for discharging contents. A porous plug prevents metal from flowing through each first opening and a stopper controls discharge of metal through the second opening. The inside bottom surface of the vessel is sloped downwardly toward the first opening or openings and the entrance to the second opening is at a level above all first openings when the vessel is upright. The porous plug or plugs may be recessed with respect to the inside bottom surface. Any material that settles from the molten metal will tend to collect directly above a porous plug and become entrained in the stirred metal upon the introduction of gas.