Abstract: Methods and systems for determining characteristics of fluids are described. A method involves illuminating a portion of a fluid by emitting light having an emission spectrum spanning at least from an infrared band to an ultraviolet band, and producing an output signal by receiving the light upon being scattered by the fluid using an optical detector. A controller may select a target sub-band of the emission spectrum based on information associated with the fluid, and may further determine a characteristic of the fluid using at least a portion of the output signal associated with the target sub-band of the emission spectrum. Alternatively, or additionally, a controller may apply an operator to the output signal, and may further determine the characteristic of the first fluid by applying a machine learning model to a result of the operator as applied to the first output signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the separation of acrylonitrile used in the cyanoethylation of glycols to produce a bis(cyanoethylated) aliphatic glycol from the resulting glycol which is then reduced with hydrogen to produce the corresponding bis(aminopropoxy) alkane. In this process, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile is reacted with an aliphatic glycol in stoichiometric excess and the acrylonitrile removed from the cyanoethylated glycol by reaction with aliphatic primary or secondary alcohol prior to effecting the hydrogenation of the cyanoethylated aliphatic glycol in the presence of the acrylonitrile-amine reaction product. The reaction product then can be separated by conventional techniques such as distillation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the separation of acrylonitrile used in the cyanoethylation of glycols to produce a bis(cyanoethylated) aliphatic glycol from the resulting glycol which is then reduced with hydrogen to produce the corresponding bis(aminopropyl) aliphatic glycol. In this process, acrylonitrile is reacted with an aliphatic glycol in stoichiometric excess and the acrylonitrile removed from the cyanoethylated glycol by reaction with aliphatic primary or secondary amine prior to effecting the hydrogenation of the cyanoethylated aliphatic glycol in the presence of the acrylonitrile-amine reaction product. The reaction product then can be separated by conventional techniques such as distillation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing trinitrocresols and picric acid contaminants from a wastewater stream generated in the production of nitroaromatics, particularly dinitrotoluene, by the mixed acid technique. The process involves contacting the crude dinitrotoluene generated by the mixed acid technique with an alkaline medium to generate an alkaline wash water containing water soluble nitrocresols and picric acid therein. This wastewater then, is separated from the organic component or may be recycled for contact with further quantities of crude dinitrotoluene product from the reactor. When the concentration of the water soluble salts of trinitrocresols and picric acid is of sufficient concentration, the wash water is treated with aqueous acid in sufficient proportion to reduce the pH to a level from 3-4.

Abstract: An under-fixture valve comprises an elongated body having an outer diameter corresponding to the pipes normally connected to an outlet water pipe so that the valve body may be threaded to the outlet water pipe and project from a wall structure. The wall structure itself can then be completed and finished with a minimum of interference with the valve body, the valve being closed while work on the wall is completed so that the main water supply may be left on. An integrally molded plastic valve member defines a chamber serving as a valve seat for a valve head adapted to be inserted into a side opening in the valve member, the device when assembled having no laterally projecting portions.