Abstract: A dispenser may include a dispenser container filled with a dispensing aerial carrier gas fitted with a valve assembly. The valve assembly may include a mounting cup, at least one gasket, a valve seat, a spring, a housing, and a dividing boss including a first fitment and a second fitment. The dispenser container may be absent of an adsorbent. The dispenser may be partially filled with an ingredient for dispensing and/or the ingredient for dispensing may be contained in an ingredient containing reservoir. The first fitment, along which the ingredient is carried, may be connected to at least one of a dip tube and a tube and ingredient containing reservoir. On actuation, the ingredient may travel out via the first fitment and the dispensing aerial carrier gas may travel out via the second fitment via a reducer insert which manages respective flow rates of the dispensing aerial carrier gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to cushioned articles selected from items of footwear, cushioned seating, pillows, mattresses, beds, with air or gas pockets, inflatable air beds, orthopaedic support devices, orthotic insoles, soft robotic devices, safety headwear, safety body wear, body armour, crumple zones in vehicles, pneumatic deformable crash structures or barriers, and spring systems with multiple spring rates, which have improved compliance and shock absorbance characteristics. The cushioned articles include one or more cushioning elements which comprise pressurised gas contained within one or more primary pressurised gas storage chambers, wherein the bulk modulus, K, of the pressurised gas inside said pressurised chambers is <1. The pressurised gas in such cushioned articles is preferably in fluid communication with one or more gas adsorbent materials.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods of preparing a biogas purification system. Embodiments include flushing an adsorber with a gas stream that is separable by the downstream biogas purification process. Other embodiments include using the separable gas stream to flush a saturated adsorber. Additional embodiments include using a gas stream comprised of CO2.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods of preparing a biogas purification system. Embodiments include flushing an adsorber with a gas stream that is separable by the downstream biogas purification process. Other embodiments include using the separable gas stream to flush a saturated adsorber. Additional embodiments include using a gas stream comprised of CO2.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods of preparing a biogas purification system. Embodiments include flushing an adsorber with a gas stream that is separable by the downstream biogas purification process. Other embodiments include using the separable gas stream to flush a saturated adsorber. Additional embodiments include using a gas stream comprised of CO2.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods of preparing a biogas purification system. Embodiments include flushing an adsorber with a gas stream that is separable by the downstream biogas purification process. Other embodiments include using the separable gas stream to flush a saturated adsorber. Additional embodiments include using a gas stream comprised of CO2.

Abstract: A container for releasable pressurized gas or other active ingredient is provided. The container is packed with activated carbon loaded with adsorbed propellant. The container provides a replacement for the hydrocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon propellants currently used in aerosols, dusters and foghorns. A method for making such a replacement system is also provided.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods of preparing a biogas purification system. Embodiments include flushing an adsorber with a gas stream that is separable by the downstream biogas purification process. Other embodiments include using the separable gas stream to flush a saturated adsorber. Additional embodiments include using a gas stream comprised of CO2.

Abstract: Containers for releasing pressurized contents that include adsorbent such as, for example, mixtures of activated carbons from different sources are described herein.

Abstract: Treatment of un-wetted or low moisture activated carbon with a suitable quantity of carbon dioxide provides a material which, on contact with water, controls pH in treatment water. Use of this treated activated carbon in a water treatment system provides water having an essentially neutral pH which is immediately potable thereby eliminating the necessity to drain and dispose of any soak water. The contact pH of the treated carbon remains within the potable pH range for treatment of more than 100 bed volumes. Additionally, the modified carbon may minimize metal leaching from contaminants in the water.

Abstract: An acoustic enclosure such as a loudspeaker (10) uses within the cabinet adsorbent material, and/or containment means (22) for the adsorbent material, which is at least partially hydrophobic. Preferably, the material is activated carbon treated to provide it with hydrophobic properties. Preferably, the adsorbent material is treated with a silicon-containing compound. This improves the acoustic compliance of the acoustic enclosure.

Abstract: A container for releasable pressurized gas or other active ingredient is provided. The container is packed with activated carbon loaded with adsorbed propellant. The container provides a replacement for the hydrocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon propellants currently used in aerosols, dusters and foghorns. A method for making such a replacement system is also provided.

Abstract: Treatment of un-wetted or low moisture activated carbon with a suitable quantity of carbon dioxide provides a material which, on contact with water, controls pH in treatment water. Use of this activated carbon in a water treatment system provides water having an essentially neutral pH which is immediately potable thereby eliminating the necessity to drain and dispose of any soak water. The contact pH of the treated carbon remains within the potable pH range for treatment of more than 100 bed volumes.

Abstract: Treatment of n-wetted or low moisture activated carbon with a suitable quantity of carbon dioxide provides a material which, on contact with water, controls pH in treatment water. Use of this treated activated carbon in a water treatment system provides water having an essentially neutral pH which is immediately potable thereby eliminating the necessity to drain and dispose of any soak water. The contact pH of the treated carbon remains within the potable pH range for treatment of more than 100 bed volumes.

Abstract: A composition for effecting heat transfer to or from a fluid, the composition comprising a primary adsorbent material, such as activated carbon, for adsorption of a gas, such as carbon dioxide, and a graphite material in an amount of 0.01 to 80% by weight of the total composition. A binder may also be included in the composition to aid heat transfer. The composition may be incorporated into an apparatus (12) that includes sealing means (14) for retaining the gas on the surface of the material and a release mechanism (16) for breakage of the seal, said apparatus being provided with a vessel (6) for holding fluid.

Abstract: An acoustic enclosure such as a loudspeaker (10) uses within the cabinet adsorbent material, and/or containment means (22) for the adsorbent material, which is at least partially hydrophobic. Preferably, the material is activated carbon treated to provide it with hydrophobic properties. Preferably, the adsorbent material is treated with a silicon-containing compound. This improves the acoustic compliance of the acoustic enclosure.

Abstract: A composition for effecting heat transfer to or from a fluid, the composition comprising a primary adsorbent material, such as activated carbon, for adsorption of a gas, such as carbon dioxide, and a graphite material in an amount of 0.01 to 80% by weight of the total composition. A binder may also be included in the composition to aid heat transfer. The composition may be incorporated into an apparatus (12) that includes sealing means (14) for retaining the gas on the surface of the material and a release mechanism (16) for breakage of the seal, said apparatus being provided with a vessel (6) for holding fluid.

Abstract: Process for producing Sevoflurane anaesthetic which comprises reacting hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol with essentially pure bis(fluoromethyl)ether. The bis(fluoromethyl)ether is preferably obtained by the reaction of formaldehyde with hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of hydrogen fluoride (HF) from a mixture, preferably an azeotropic mixture, of HF with water and/or an organic compound such as 134a, 125 or 133a, which comprises contacting the mixture with lithium fluoride or an alkaline earth metal fluoride to form a metal fluoride-hydrogen fluoride compound (e.g. lithium bifluoride, LiHF.sub.2), separating the compound and decomposing it to liberate hydrogen fluoride therefrom. The process is useful for recovering HF from azeotropic or azeotropic-like mixtures.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrofluorocarbons, in particular hydrofluoroalkanes such as difluoromethane, which comprises contacting an .alpha.-fluoro-ether, in particular a fluorinated dialkyl ether such as bis(fluoromethyl)ether in the liquid phase with a Lewis acid such as a fluoride of Nb, Sb, B, Ta, Al or Ti.