Abstract: The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth in a TCP network environment utilizes a single pair of packets to calculate bandwidth between two entities on a network (such as the Internet). This calculation is based upon the packet-pair technique. This bandwidth measurement is extremely quick. On its journey across a network, communication devices may delay the packet pairs. In particular, TCP networks have two algorithms designed to delay some packets with the goal of increasing the overall throughput of the network. However, these algorithms effectively delay a packet pair designed to measure bandwidth. Therefore, they distort the measurement. These algorithms are Nagle and Slow Start. The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth implements countermeasures to overcome the delays imposed by these algorithms.

Abstract: The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth in a TCP network environment utilizes a single pair of packets to calculate bandwidth between two entities on a network (such as the Internet). This calculation is based upon the packet-pair technique. This bandwidth measurement is extremely quick. On its journey across a network, communication devices may delay the packet pairs. In particular, TCP networks have two algorithms designed to delay some packets with the goal of increasing the overall throughput of the network. However, these algorithms effectively delay a packet pair designed to measure bandwidth. Therefore, they distort the measurement. These algorithms are Nagle and Slow Start. The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth implements countermeasures to overcome the delays imposed by these algorithms.

Abstract: The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth in a TCP network environment utilizes a single pair of packets to calculate bandwidth between two entities on a network (such as the Internet). This calculation is based upon the packet-pair technique. This bandwidth measurement is extremely quick. On its journey across a network, communication devices may delay the packet pairs. In particular, TCP networks have two algorithms designed to delay some packets with the goal of increasing the overall throughput of the network. However, these algorithms effectively delay a packet pair designed to measure bandwidth. Therefore, they distort the measurement. These algorithms are Nagle and Slow Start. The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth implements countermeasures to overcome the delays imposed by these algorithms.

Abstract: The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth in a TCP network environment utilizes a single pair of packets to calculate bandwidth between two entities on a network (such as the Internet). This calculation is based upon the packet-pair technique. This bandwidth measurement is extremely quick. On its journey across a network, communication devices may delay the packet pairs. In particular, TCP networks have two algorithms designed to delay some packets with the goal of increasing the overall throughput of the network. However, these algorithms effectively delay a packet pair designed to measure bandwidth. Therefore, they distort the measurement. These algorithms are Nagle and Slow Start. The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth implements countermeasures to overcome the delays imposed by these algorithms.

Abstract: The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth in a TCP network environment utilizes a single pair of packets to calculate bandwidth between two entities on a network (such as the Internet). This calculation is based upon the packet-pair technique. This bandwidth measurement is extremely quick. On its journey across a network, communication devices may delay the packet pairs. In particular, TCP networks have two algorithms designed to delay some packets with the goal of increasing the overall throughput of the network. However, these algorithms effectively delay a packet pair designed to measure bandwidth. Therefore, they distort the measurement. These algorithms are Nagle and Slow Start. The fast dynamic measurement of bandwidth implements countermeasures to overcome the delays imposed by these algorithms.

Abstract: The fast dynamic measurement of connection bandwidth utilizes a single pair of packets to calculate bandwidth between two entities on a network (such as the Internet). This calculation is based upon the packet-pair technique. This bandwidth measurement is extremely quick. On its journey across a network, communication equipment and modems may compress a packet. This compression shrinks the size of the packet; thus, it can distort the bandwidth calculation using such a shrunken packet. To avoid this distortion, the fast dynamic measurement of connection bandwidth employs non-compressible packets. More specifically, it employs highly entropic packets. Therefore, a packet cannot be compressed during its journey. In addition, on its journey across a network, packets may be rerouted, delayed, misrouted, and the like. These momentary delays may result in a momentary bad bandwidth calculation. This problem is ameliorated by using a history list at the client that keeps track of recent measurements.

Abstract: The fast dynamic measurement of connection bandwidth utilizes a single pair of packets to calculate bandwidth between two entities on a network (such as the Internet). This calculation is based upon the packet-pair technique. This bandwidth measurement is extremely quick. On its journey across a network, communication equipment and modems may compress a packet. This compression shrinks the size of the packet; thus, it can distort the bandwidth calculation using such a shrunken packet. To avoid this distortion, the fast dynamic measurement of connection bandwidth employs non-compressible packets. More specifically, it employs highly entropic packets. Therefore, a packet cannot be compressed during its journey. In addition, on its journey across a network, packets may be rerouted, delayed, misrouted, and the like. These momentary delays may result in a momentary bad bandwidth calculation. This problem is ameliorated by using a history list at the client that keeps track of recent measurements.

Abstract: A ball is formed at the tip of a wire by an arc. The arc is initiated and maintained across an air gap between the wire tip and an electrode by applying timed RF and DC voltages between them.