Abstract: Adjacent first and second transistors are integrated with a substrate. Each of the first and second transistors has a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode and a semiconductive channel formed of an organic material, the semiconductive channel electrically coupling the source electrode with the drain electrode. The source electrode of the first transistor is electrically coupled to the source electrode of the second transistor. A molecular receptor is bound directly to a surface of the semiconductive channel of the first transistor. A non-zero offset voltage, which produces equal channel currents in the semiconductive channels of the first and second transistors after a molecule has bound with the molecular receptor without a like binding event proximate to the second transistor, is sensed between the gate electrodes of the first and second transistors.

Abstract: A white light generating organic electroluminescent device including an organic light emitting diode emitting a broad spectrum light including a component of each primary color. A multi-mode microcavity structure is positioned to cooperate with the diode defining an optical length of the microcavity structure to enhance the broad spectrum light and obtain multiple resonant peaks, one at each primary color. A plurality of filters are positioned to receive and adjust the multiple resonant peaks to provide substantially balanced multiple resonant peaks.

Abstract: A plurality of oligonucleotides are synthesized at a plurality of locations on a substrate using a plurality of dispensing bars. Each of the plurality of dispensing bars has a respective plurality of dispensing heads arranged along a respective axis. Each of the plurality of dispensing bars is operative to selectively deposit a volume of a respective one of a plurality of nucleotide bases in any of a row of locations. A positioning mechanism positions the substrate with respect to the plurality of dispensing bars. A controller controls the plurality of dispensing bars and the positioning mechanism so that, at each of the plurality of locations, a respective sequence of nucleotide bases is deposited to form a respective oligonucleotide.

Abstract: A full color organic electroluminescent display device including a substrate element and a plurality of thin film transistors, formed on the substrate element. A planarizing layer of insulating material is positioned over the plurality of thin film transistors, thereby defining a substantially planar surface. A plurality of contact pads are formed on the planar surface of the planarizing layer, with one contact pad associated with each thin film transistor. A hole transporting layer is deposited over the contact pads. Three pixelated emissive organic electron transporting media are formed on a top surface of the hole transporting layer so as to define an organic light emitting device. An electrical and light conducting material is positioned in overlying relationship over the emissive organic electron transporting media, thereby operating as a common second terminal of the organic light emitting devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for placing at least one biological reagent at a plurality of locations on a substrate includes a stamp member onto which the at least one biological reagent is applied. The stamp member defines a plurality of transfer elements patterned to correspond to the plurality of locations. The stamp member contacts the substrate to transfer the at least one biological reagent from the plurality of transfer elements to the plurality of locations. The transfer elements can be defined by reservoirs or projected portions of the stamp member.

Abstract: A method of measuring electrical characteristics of a molecule including providing a first metal contact having a major surface, an insulating layer overlying the major surface of the first metal contact and a second metal contact overlying the insulating layer so as to have an edge spaced a molecular distance from the major surface of the first metal contact. A conductive organic molecule including a metal binding group is coupled between the metal contacts.

Abstract: An organic EL device comprises a cathode, an electron transporting layer (ETL), a hole transporting layer (HTL) and an anode which are laminated in sequence, wherein the materials making up the ETL and HTL are so selected that the energy barrier for hole injection from the HTL to the ETL is substantially higher than the energy barrier for electron injection from the ETL to the HTL. The organic EL device obtained has efficient light emission from the HTL layer when an efficient fluorescent dye as an emitter is doped in the HTL or the part of the HTL close to the ETL/HTL interface.

Abstract: A target molecule at a binding site is detected using an optical waveguide having a surface proximate to the binding site, and a waveguide detector coupled to the optical waveguide. An incident light beam is applied to the binding site along an axis transverse to the surface of the optical waveguide. The incident light beam impinges an optical indicator associated with the target molecule to form secondary light which is coupled into the optical waveguide. The secondary light is detected by the waveguide detector to thereby detect the target molecule.

Abstract: A method of passivating electroluminescent organic devices positioned on a supporting substrate including the steps of overcoating or capping the individual pixels, which form an array of electroluminescent organic devices, with a layer of stable metal, overcoating the layer of stable metal with a buffer system including a buffer layer of organic material and a thermal coefficient matching layer on the buffer layer, depositing a low permeability inorganic layer over the thermal coefficient matching layer, and sealing the electroluminescent organic device with an epoxy encapsulant or polymer laminated aluminum foil.

Abstract: A phase spatial light modulator composed of a liquid crystal cell and a liquid crystal polarization switch. The liquid crystal cell capable of creating a liquid crystal phase prism under the influence of an external voltage. The liquid crystal polarization switch capable of perpendicularly rotating the polarization of light impinging upon the liquid crystal polarization switch, prior to passage through the liquid crystal cell in response to an applied voltage. The modulator, or scanner, thereby capable of modulating the phase of light passing therethrough, resulting in a high resolution resultant integrated image.

Abstract: A method of passivating organic devices positioned on a supporting substrate including the steps of overcoating the organic device with a low temperature deposited film of dielectric material, and sealingly engaging an inorganic layer over the dielectric material so as to substantially hermetically seal the organic device. In a typical embodiment, the dielectric layer is SiO.sub.2 and the inorganic layer is a metal can.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device capable of emitting different colors and including a first layer of emissive material designed to emit light of a first color and a second layer of emissive material designed to emit light of a second color. The device is activated to emit light of the first or second colors by causing different current densities to flow through the device such that the emitting zone is positioned in the first light emitting layer, thereby emitting light of a first color, or in the second light emitting layer, thereby emitting light of the second color.

Abstract: A method of passivating organic devices positioned on a supporting transparent plastic substrate including the steps of overcoating the plastic substrate with a multi-layer overcoating, composed of alternating layers of a transparent polymer film and a transparent dielectric material, forming an organic device on the overcoated transparent plastic substrate and sealing the organic device formed on the overcoated plastic substrate. The polymer film layer used in overcoating the plastic substrate acts as a means of improving the barrier properties of the multi-layer overcoating and the dielectric material acts as a physical barrier to atmospheric elements which can corrode the organic device and are a detriment to the reliability of organic LEDs.

Abstract: A plurality of oligonucleotides are synthesized at a plurality of locations on a substrate using a plurality of dispensing bars. Each of the plurality of dispensing bars has a respective plurality of dispensing heads arranged along a respective axis. Each of the plurality of dispensing bars is operative to selectively deposit a volume of a respective one of a plurality of nucleotide bases in any of a row of locations. A positioning mechanism positions the substrate with respect to the plurality of dispensing bars. A controller controls the plurality of dispensing bars and the positioning mechanism so that, at each of the plurality of locations, a respective sequence of nucleotide bases is deposited to form a respective oligonucleotide.

Abstract: An apparatus for placing at least one biological reagent at a plurality of locations on a substrate includes a stamp member onto which the at least one biological reagent is applied. The stamp member defines a plurality of transfer elements patterned to correspond to the plurality of locations. The stamp member contacts the substrate to transfer the at least one biological reagent from the plurality of transfer elements to the plurality of locations. The transfer elements can be defined by reservoirs or projected portions of the stamp member. A method of using said apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: An organic full color light emitting diode array including a plurality of spaced apart, light transmissive electrodes formed on a substrate, a plurality of cavities defined on top of the electrodes and three electroluminescent media designed to emit three different hues deposited in the cavities. A plurality of spaced metallic electrodes arranged orthogonal to the transmissive electrodes and formed to seal each of the cavities, thereby, sealing the electroluminescent media in the cavities, with a light transmissive anodic electrode at the bottom of each cavity and an ambient stable cathodic metallic electrode on the top of each cavity. Methods of fabrication of a full color organic light emitting diode array are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of passivating organic devices positioned on a supporting transparent plastic substrate including the steps of overcoating the plastic substrate with a multi-layer overcoating, composed of alternating layers of a transparent polymer film and a transparent dielectric material, forming an organic device on the overcoated transparent plastic substrate and sealing the organic device formed on the overcoated plastic substrate. The polymer film layer used in overcoating the plastic substrate acts as a means of improving the barrier properties of the multi-layer overcoating and the dielectric material acts as a physical barrier to atmospheric elements which can corrode the organic device and are a detriment to the reliability of organic LEDs.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an integrated multicolor organic LED array including providing a negative layer and patterning a plurality of different color LED organic layers, one at a time, on the negative layer to form a plurality of different color LEDs in a plurality of areas of a selected array. A first color LED organic layer is patterned on the negative layer in first areas and to define additional areas for additional LEDs laterally separated from the first color LEDs and a final color LED organic layer is deposited in final areas and on previously patterned layers to form a plurality of final color LEDs. Transparent positive contacts are then formed on the final color LED layer in the first and final areas so as to form positive contacts to the first and the final color LEDs.

Abstract: An organic LED including a conductive layer with a planar surface and a layer of semiconductive polymer molecules having anchoring groups at each end, uniformly oriented perpendicularly on the planar surface, by deposition and self-assembly technique. A coupling layer positioned on the organic layer and a second organic layer uniformly oriented on the coupling layer, by deposition and self-assembly technique, parallel to the first semiconductive polymer molecules. Additional coupling layers and organic layers are alternately positioned on the second organic layer and on each other to form an LED of desired dimensions and a second conductive layer is deposited on the final layer.

Abstract: A target molecule at a binding site is detected using an optical waveguide having a surface proximate to the binding site, and a waveguide detector coupled to the optical waveguide. An incident light beam is applied to the binding site along an axis transverse to the surface of the optical waveguide. The incident light beam impinges an optical indicator associated with the target molecule to form secondary light which is coupled into the optical waveguide. The secondary light is detected by the waveguide detector to thereby detect the target molecule.