Abstract: A catalyst structure includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a catalyst layer on the substrate; and (3) an adhesion layer disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer. In some implementations, an average thickness of the adhesion layer is about 1 nm or less. In some implementations, a material of the catalyst layer at least partially extends into a region of the adhesion layer. In some implementations, the catalyst layer is characterized by a lattice strain imparted by the adhesion layer.

Abstract: A catalyst structure includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a catalyst layer on the substrate; and (3) an adhesion layer disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer. In some implementations, an average thickness of the adhesion layer is about 1 nm or less. In some implementations, a material of the catalyst layer at least partially extends into a region of the adhesion layer. In some implementations, the catalyst layer is characterized by a lattice strain imparted by the adhesion layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods of determining a boundary area for animals, including a transmitter unit to generate and transmit a plurality of boundary signals, a receiver unit having one or more sensors to detect one or more characteristics of the boundary signals, and a user interface configured to communicate with the receiver unit, the user interface including a boundary program component to sequentially acquire boundary data corresponding to the plurality of boundary signals at a series of boundary perimeter locations, and to transmit the acquired data and instructions to the receiver unit to enable the receiver unit to determine proximity of the receiver unit relative to each perimeter location.

Abstract: Systems and methods of determining a boundary area for animals, including a transmitter unit to generate and transmit a plurality of boundary signals, a receiver unit having one or more sensors to detect one or more characteristics of the boundary signals, and a user interface configured to communicate with the receiver unit, the user interface including a boundary program component to sequentially acquire boundary data corresponding to the plurality of boundary signals at a series of boundary perimeter locations, and to transmit the acquired data and instructions to the receiver unit to enable the receiver unit to determine proximity of the receiver unit relative to each perimeter location.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a viscoelastic polyurethane foam being flame retardant and having a density of greater than two and a half pounds per cubic foot that comprises a reaction product of an isocyanate component, an isocyanate-reactive blend, and a chain extender. The isocyanate-reactive blend includes a first isocyanate-reactive component and a second isocyanate-reactive component. The first isocyanate-reactive component includes at least 60 parts by weight of ethylene oxide (EO) based on 100 parts by weight of the first isocyanate-reactive component and the second isocyanate-reactive component includes at most 30 parts by weight of EO based on 100 parts by weight of the second isocyanate-reactive component. The chain extender is reactive with the isocyanate component and has a backbone chain with from two to eight carbon atoms and is present in an amount of from 5 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the foam.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a viscoelastic polyurethane foam being flame retardant and having a density of greater than two and a half pounds per cubic foot that comprises a reaction product of an isocyanate component, an isocyanate-reactive blend, and a chain extender. The isocyanate-reactive blend includes a first isocyanate-reactive component and a second isocyanate-reactive component. The first isocyanate-reactive component includes at least 60 parts by weight of ethylene oxide (EO) based on 100 parts by weight of the first isocyanate-reactive component and the second isocyanate-reactive component includes at most 30 parts by weight of EO based on 100 parts by weight of the second isocyanate-reactive component. The chain extender is reactive with the isocyanate component and has a backbone chain with from two to eight carbon atoms and is present in an amount of from 5 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the foam.

Abstract: The synthesis of memory enhancing, analgetic, and antidepressant N-alkyl-N-pyridinyl-1H-indol-1-armines is described.

Abstract: A system for confining and training a pet is provided. The system includes a stationary transmitter in communication with a receiver collar worn by a pet and the other configured as a portable transmitter for controlling the operation of the stationary transmitter. The stationary transmitter includes a correction signal generator and a warning signal generator which feed an amplifier having an adjustable amplification factor controlled by a processing device. The amplified correction signal is transmitted through the wire loop antenna via a transmitter. The normal confinement mode operation of the system is interrupted by a training signal from the portable transmitter. Upon receipt of a training signal, the processing device produces a signal corresponding to the desired deterrent signal and increases the gain of the appropriate amplifier thereby boosting the signal strength such that the entire confinement area is filled with the desired deterrent signal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for the formation of and a flexible slabstock polyurethane foam having substantially improved indentation force deflection and resilience characteristics while maintaining the other physical properties. The method comprises the steps of: forming a polyol blend having a nominal functionality of at least 2.3 by combining at least one polyether polyol having a plurality of terminal ethylene oxide caps of from 5 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the polyether polyol, a molecular weight of greater than or equal to 4000 Daltons, and an unsaturation of greater than 0.04 meq/g KOH; at least one graft polyether polyol having an equivalent weight of greater than 1000 Daltons, a solids content of at least 28%, and a plurality of terminal ethylene oxide caps of from 5 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the graft polyether polyol; and at least one very low unsaturated polyether polyol having an unsaturation of less than or equal to 0.

Abstract: Thus, there is provided according to the present invention polyol compositions comprising(A) a polytetramethylene ether glycol, and(B) a difunctional active hydrogen compound-initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having a degree of unsaturation of not greater than 0.04 milliequivalents per gram of said polyether polyol.

Abstract: Thus, there is provided according to the present invention polyol compositions comprising(A) a polytetramethylene ether glycol, and(B) a difunctional active hydrogen compound-initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having a degree of unsaturation of not greater than 0.04 milliequivalents per gram of said polyether polyol.

Abstract: A polyol composition is provided which when reacted with and organic isocyanate, has good flow characteristics and makes an all water blown rigid polyurethane foam having good dimensional stability at low core densities of 1.1 pcf to 2.0 pcf. The polyol composition has a polyol component which must have present a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an equivalent weight of 130 or less, an average functionality of 3.1 or greater, and a hydroxyl number of 400 or more, a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an average functionality from 1.5 to 3.1 and a viscosity of less than 800 cP at 25.degree. C., and a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an average functionality of greater than 3.1 and an equivalent weight of greater than 130. The polyol composition also has water as the blowing agent, and further contains a blow catalyst, a delayed action gel catalyst, and preferably a cure catalyst and a surfactant.

Abstract: A polyol composition is provided which when reacted with an organic isocyanate, has good flow characteristics and makes a rigid polyurethane foam having good dimensional stability at low densities. The polyol composition has a polyol component which must have present a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an equivalent weight of 130 or less and a hydroxyl number of 400 or more, a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an average functionality from 1.5 to 3.1 and a viscosity of less than 800 cP at 25.degree. C., and a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an average functionality of greater than 3.1 and a viscosity of 5,000 cp or less at 25.degree. C. The polyol composition also has formic acid or a mixture of formic acid and water as blowing agents, and further contains a delayed action blow catalyst and a delayed action gel catalyst.

Abstract: A polyol composition is provided which when reacted with and organic isocyanate, has good flow characteristics and makes an all water blown rigid polyurethane foam having good dimensional stability at low core densities of 1.1 pcf to 2.0 pcf. The polyol composition has a polyol component which must have present a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an equivalent weight of 130 or less, an average functionality of 3.1 or greater, and a hydroxyl number of 400 or more, a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an average functionality from 1.5 to 3.1 and a viscosity of less than 800 cP at 25.degree. C., and a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an average functionality of greater than 3.1 and an equivalent weight of greater than 130. The polyol composition also has water as the blowing agent, and further contains a blow catalyst, a delayed action gel catalyst, and preferably a cure catalyst and a surfactant.

Abstract: There is now provided a polyisocyanate based rigid closed cell foam made by reacting an organic isocyanate with a polyol composition in the presence of a blowing agent, where the polyol composition contains at least:a) an aromatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more;b) an aliphatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more; andc) an aromatic polyester polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq. polyol/g KOH or more.The blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentane, HFC's, HCFC's, and mixtures thereof in an amount of 5.0 weight percent or more based on the weight of the polyol composition. Preferably, the blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition without sacrificing, and advantageously improving, the thermal insulation and dimensional stability of the resulting polyurethane foam.

Abstract: There is now provided a polyisocyanate based rigid closed cell foam made by reacting an organic isocyanate with a polyol composition in the presence of a blowing agent, where the polyol composition contains at least:a) an aromatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more;b) an aliphatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more; andc) an aromatic polyester polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq. polyol/g KOH or more.The blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentane, HFC's, HCFC's, and mixtures thereof in an amount of 5.0 weight percent or more based on the weight of the polyol composition. Preferably, the blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition without sacrificing, and advantageously improving, the thermal insulation and dimensional stability of the resulting polyurethane foam.

Abstract: There is now provided a polyisocyanate based rigid closed cell foam made by reacting an organic isocyanate with a polyol composition in the presence of a blowing agent, where the polyol composition contains at least:a) an aromatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more;b) an aliphatic amine initiated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq polyol/g KOH or more; andc) an aromatic polyester polyol having an hydroxyl number of 200 meq. polyol/g KOH or more.The blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclopentane, HFC's, HCFC's, and mixtures thereof in an amount of 5.0 weight percent or more based on the weight of the polyol composition. Preferably, the blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition without sacrificing, and advantageously improving, the thermal insulation and dimensional stability of the resulting polyurethane foam.

Abstract: The synthesis of memory enhancing, analgetic, and antidepressant N-alkyl-N-pyridinyl-1H-indol-1-amines is described.

Abstract: There is now provided a polyisocyanate-based foam made by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol solution containing a C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon as a blowing agent. The hydrocarbon blowing agent is soluble in the polyol solution having polyols with polyester linkages by using a reacted or unreacted compatibilizing agent represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is preferentially OH, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 aliphatic, branched or unbranched, hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: There is provided a polyol composition which comprises aa) compound having at least two isocyanate reactive hydrogens, at least one of which is a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol,b) 2-chloropropane, and,c) a C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbon.There is also provided a rigid polyurethane foam made with the polyol composition. The 2-chloropropane acts to solubilize the C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbon in the polyols.