Abstract: In order to enable higher operational and manipulation security in the radio remote control of building or enclosure closures by simple means, the invention provides a method for remote control of an automatic building or enclosure closure (12.1, 12.2, 12.3), comprising: a) transmitting actuation signals (32.1-32.3) with authorization data by means of a transmitter (14) by radio, b) receiving the actuation signals (32.1, 32.2, 32.3) by a receiver, c) determining the authorization on the basis of the received data, and d) controlling the building or enclosure closure (12.1, 12.2, 12.3) to perform the action when authorization is available; wherein in step a) a first actuation signal (32.1) is repeatedly transmitted alternately on a first frequency using a first modulation and a second actuation signal (32.

Abstract: The invention relates to difluoroboradiazaindacene dyes of the formula (1) where R1=fluoro-substituted phenyl residue C6HmFn where n=1 to 5 and m+n=5; or fluoro-substituted naphthyl residue C10HmFn where n=1 to 9 and m+n=9; R2=CH3, C2H5, C3H7, or C4H9; R3=alkyl, aryl, or vinyl aryl; R4, R5=H, F, or an R4 and R5 bridging residue CH?CH—CH?CH; R6, R7=H, F, or an R6 and R7 bridging residue CH?CH—CH?CH; and R8=alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the centralised monitoring of territories to recognize forest and surface fires. A swiveling and tiltable camera installed at a monitoring site supplies images of overlapping observation sectors. In each observation sector a sequence of images includes a plurality of images is taken, at an interval which corresponds to fire and smoke dynamics. An on-site image-processing software supplies event warnings with indication of the position of the event site in the analysed image. A total image and an image sequence with image sections of the event site are then transmitted to a central station and reproduced at the central station as a continuous sequence in quick-motion mode. Event warnings with relevant data are blended into electronic maps at the central station. Cross-bearing is made possible by blending event warnings from adjacent monitoring sites. False alarms are minimized by marking known false alarm sources as exclusion zones.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical standard (10) for the calibration or characterization of optical measuring devices and as a reference system for intensities and intensity measurements. The standard (10) according to the invention, constructed sandwich-like, comprises a combination of at least two layer-like optical standard modules (12) having defined optical properties, joinable or joined together plane-parallel, wherein the standard modules (12) in each instance differ from each other by at least one optical property, namely, by their absorption, emission, scatter and/or reflection properties, and the standard modules (12) are made so that they enter into physical interaction with electromagnetic radiation striking one of their two principal surfaces (12.1).

Abstract: The invention relates to difluoroboradiazaindacene dyes of the formula (1) where R1=fluoro-substituted phenyl residue C6HmFn where n=1 to 5 and m+n=5; or fluoro-substituted naphthyl residue C10HmFn where n=1 to 9 and m+n=9; R2=CH3, C2H5, C3H7, or C4H9; R3=alkyl, aryl, or vinyl aryl; R4, R5=H, F, or an R4 and R5 bridging residue CH?CH—CH?CH; R6, R7=H, F, or an R6 and R7 bridging residue CH?CH—CH?CH; and R8=alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical standard (10) for the calibration or characterization of optical measuring devices and as a reference system for intensities and intensity measurements. The standard (10) according to the invention, constructed sandwich-like, comprises a combination of at least two layer-like optical standard modules (12) having defined optical properties, joinable or joined together plane-parallel, wherein the standard modules (12) in each instance differ from each other by at least one optical property, namely, by their absorption, emission, scatter and/or reflection properties, and the standard modules (12) are made so that they enter into physical interaction with electromagnetic radiation striking one of their two principal surfaces (12.1).

Abstract: The monitoring of territories in order to recognize forest and surface fires requires complex automatic and human-assisted processes, which ultimately must include the control of intervention forces. Disclosed are processes for the centralised monitoring of territories. A swiveling and tiltable camera installed at a monitoring site supplies images of overlapping observation sectors. In each observation sector a sequence of images comprising a plurality of images is taken, at an interval which corresponds to fire and smoke dynamics. An on-site image-processing software supplies event warnings with indication of the position of the event site in the analysed image. A total image and an image sequence with image sections of the vent site are then transmitted to a central station and reproduced at the central station as an endless sequence in quick-motion mode. Event warnings with all relevant data can be blended into electronic maps at the central station.