Abstract: A method for determining the authenticity of an object by marking the object with a first luminescent material with a first decay behavior over time, marking the object with a second luminescent material with a second decay behavior that differs from the first decay behavior, excitation of the luminescent materials with a light pulse, measuring the afterglow intensities of both luminescent materials temporally after the excitation with the light pulse, forming a difference signal or identity signal from the afterglow intensities measured over the elapsed time, determining the time of a zero crossing of the difference signal or the time of the identity signal of a comparator, comparing the time determined by the zero crossing or by the identity signal with a setpoint value.

Abstract: A method for determining the authenticity of an object by marking the object with a first luminescent material with a first decay behavior over time, marking the object with a second luminescent material with a second decay behavior that differs from the first decay behavior, excitation of the luminescent materials with a light pulse, measuring the afterglow intensities of both luminescent materials temporally after the excitation with the light pulse, forming a difference signal or identity signal from the afterglow intensities measured over the elapsed time, determining the time of a zero crossing of the difference signal or the time of the identity signal of a comparator, comparing the time determined by the zero crossing or by the identity signal with a setpoint value.

Abstract: A method for uniquely marking an object, wherein a random distribution of individual pigment domains is applied to a surface of the object, and wherein a list of distances of the individual pigment domains from one another is measured and stored in a database. Also a corresponding method for identifying an object by: capturing an image of the pigment domains, identifying the two-dimensional coordinates of each pigment domain captured in the image, determining the two-dimensional distance of each pair of two pigment domains and/or the angle of each triplet of pigment domains, storing the distances and/or angles determined in the step before in a list, storing the list in the database, the list enriched with meta-information about the manufacturing and/or finishing parameters of the object, applying a database identification as an information unit to the surface of the object, the information unit uniquely assignable to the database.

Abstract: A method for uniquely marking an object, wherein a random distribution of individual pigment domains is applied to a surface of the object, and wherein a list of distances of the individual pigment domains from one another is measured and stored in a database. Also a corresponding method for identifying an object by: capturing an image of the pigment domains, identifying the two-dimensional coordinates of each pigment domain captured in the image, determining the two-dimensional distance of each pair of two pigment domains and/or the angle of each triplet of pigment domains, storing the distances and/or angles determined in the step before in a list, storing the list in the database, the list enriched with meta-information about the manufacturing and/or finishing parameters of the object, applying a database identification as an information unit to the surface of the object, the information unit uniquely assignable to the database.

Abstract: A security ink contains at least a first fluorescent and phosphorescent pigment and a second fluorescent pigment, wherein the security ink if excited with a first wavelength emits radiation with a first emission spectrum, if excited with a second wavelength emits radiation with a second emission spectrum being different from the first emission spectrum, and after the excitation has been terminated emits radiation with a third emission spectrum being different from the first emission spectrum and being different from the second emission spectrum.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a concept for testing a transceiver device (302) which may be coupled to an antenna array (312), the antenna array (312) comprising at least two an antenna elements. It is provided (204) spatial radiation characteristics of an antenna reference or the antenna array (312) and at least one antenna element of the antenna array. It is determined (206), based on the spatial radiation characteristics and a predefined test quantity for a spatially unaware receiver or transmitter test of the transceiver device (302), a spatially aware test quantity for testing the transceiver device (302) using the spatially unaware receiver or transmitter test based on the determined spatially aware test quantity.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a concept for testing a transceiver device (302) which may be coupled to an antenna array (312), the antenna array (312) comprising at least two an antenna elements. It is provided (204) spatial radiation characteristics of an antenna reference or the antenna array (312) and at least one antenna element of the antenna array. It is determined (206), based on the spatial radiation characteristics and a predefined test quantity for a spatially unaware receiver or transmitter test of the transceiver device (302), a spatially aware test quantity for testing the transceiver device (302) using the spatially unaware receiver or transmitter test based on the determined spatially aware test quantity.

Abstract: Structures of a backside of a wafer can be aligned to structures of a frontside of the wafer for a lithographic treatment of the backside. The wafer is transparent for electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength. The wafer is placed on a wafer stage such that the frontside is facing the wafer stage and the backside is facing alignment optics. The backside is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation of the specific wavelength in a dark-field configuration, such that the electromagnetic radiation propagates through the wafer towards three-dimensional structures of a three-dimensional alignment target located at the frontside or inside the wafer and is scattered at the three-dimensional structures. The scattered electromagnetic radiation is captured with the alignment optics, and the backside is aligned to the frontside of the wafer based on the scattered electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Structures of a backside of a wafer can be aligned to structures of a frontside of the wafer for a lithographic treatment of the backside. The wafer is transparent for electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength. The wafer is placed on a wafer stage such that the frontside is facing the wafer stage and the backside is facing alignment optics. The backside is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation of the specific wavelength in a dark-field configuration, such that the electromagnetic radiation propagates through the wafer towards three-dimensional structures of a three-dimensional alignment target located at the frontside or inside the wafer and is scattered at the three-dimensional structures. The scattered electromagnetic radiation is captured with the alignment optics, and the backside is aligned to the frontside of the wafer based on the scattered electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Method of correcting a gain and phase imbalance of an analogue modulator (32) for multiple channels (CHi) of a multi-carrier transmission signal, the method comprising the steps of determining a gain imbalance correction factor (GCFi) and phase imbalance correction factor (PCFi) for each channel individually and applying said correction factors (GCFi, PCFi) to the corresponding channel (CHi) individually, before the multi-carrier synthesis of the channels is done, whereas step a) for each one of the multiple channels (CHi) is performed in a time-multiplexed manner with step a) for the other ones of the multiple channels (CHi).

Abstract: Method of correcting a gain and phase imbalance of an analogue modulator (32) for multiple channels (CHi) of a multi-carrier transmission signal, the method comprising the steps of determining a gain imbalance correction factor (GCFi) and phase imbalance correction factor (PCFi) for each channel individually and applying said correction factors (GCFi, PCFi) to the corresponding channel (CHi) individually, before the multi-carrier synthesis of the channels is done, whereas step a) for each one of the multiple channels (CHi) is performed in a time-multiplexed manner with step a) for the other ones of the multiple channels (CHi).

Abstract: A transceiver circuit for transmission and reception of multi-standard, multi-band radio signals, said transceiver circuit having a modular design comprising exchangeable and removable modules with dedicated functionalities and well defined interfaces between said modules, the transceiver circuit being configurable via software, depending on the functionalities to be fulfilled by said transceiver circuit and to its particular modular assembly. A base station and a mobile station comprising such a transceiver circuit, and a method for transmitting and receiving multi-standard, multi-band radio signals by using a transceiver circuit as mentioned.