Abstract: In a method for automatically handling objects, the objects are held by means of an object gripper or the like and are subjected to a handling process, a transport process, or an assembly process in the held state. The position of at least one surface section of the held object relative to a contact surface of the object gripper or the like is monitored by means of at least one position sensor arranged at the object gripper or the like; and a warning signal or control signal is generated in the event of a change of the position during the handling process, the transport process, or the assembly process.

Abstract: A method for the detection of an object includes transmitting light in the direction of a reflector by a transmitter. The transmitted light is reflected by the reflector and is imaged as a reflector image and is detected by the receiver. The reflector image is evaluated and an object detection signal is generated if an at least partial interruption of the transmitted light is recognized. A light object incident onto the receiver outside the detection region is detected by the receiver, is examined for predetermined object properties and is classified as a reflector image or as an interfering light object based on the object properties. In the case of a classification as an interfering light object, a movement of the interfering light object on the receiver is determined and the generation of the object detection signal is executed based on the determined movement of the interfering light object.

Abstract: An optical sensor for use in high vacuum plants and/or in ultrahigh vacuum plants has a metal housing surrounding an interior space in a manner substantially impermeable to gas in which a window which transmits light to be detected is provided and an optical sensor element arranged in the interior space for the detection of light to be detected which is incident through the window.

Abstract: An optical sensor for use in high vacuum plants and/or in ultrahigh vacuum plants has a metal housing surrounding an interior space in a manner substantially impermeable to gas in which a window which transmits light to be detected is provided and an optical sensor element arranged in the interior space for the detection of light to be detected which is incident through the window.