Abstract: A contact for a vacuum interrupter of a low, medium or high-voltage switchgear includes a contact rod composed of a first electrically conductive material and extending along a longitudinal axis of the contact, and a contact piece composed of a second electrically conductive material and fastened to an end face of the contact rod. The contact rod and the contact piece are materially bonded to one another at a connecting face. At least one of the contact rod or the contact piece has a wall which delimits the connecting face, rises perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis and is disposed such that the contact piece and the contact rod are also force-lockingly connected to one another by a force acting transversely to the longitudinal axis between the contact piece and the contact rod. A production method for such a contact is also provided.

Abstract: A vacuum switch device has a housing, at one end of which a fixed contact is arranged; a bellows, which is fastened on one side to a flange at the other end of the housing and on the other side to a moving contact; and a guide bearing for the moving contact. The bearing is fastened to the flange and guides the moving contact in a sliding manner. The guide bearing is secured on the flange by an adhesive layer. There is also described a method for producing a vacuum switch device.

Abstract: A contact disc of a contact element for a vacuum switch is provided, which includes predominantly of a first conductive material or composite material and has a plurality of inlets distributed over the circumference and made of a second material with a lower level of conductivity relative to the first material or composite material, which, during a switching process of the vacuum switch, bring about the formation of a magnetic field and thereby a movement of an arising arc on a predefined path and/or an extensive propagation of the arc. A production method for a contact disc of this type is also provided.

Abstract: A contact carrier of a contact element for a vacuum switch is provided, which includes predominantly of a first conductive material or composite material and has a plurality of inlets of a second material distributed over the circumference, which bring about the formation of a magnetic field and thereby a movement of an arising arc on a predefined path during a switching process of the vacuum switch, wherein the second material has a lower level of conductivity relative to the first material or composite material and is introduced into the first material during the shaping of the contact carrier basic form. A production method for a contact carrier of this type is also provided.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter has a cover base formed with an insertion opening for an axially movable moving contact rod carrying a moving contact. The moving contact rod is routed out of the vacuum interrupter in a vacuum-tight manner by way of a bellows. The bellows has a centering appendage which is formed by a tubular end piece of the bellows that runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bellows and is inserted into the insertion opening. The bellows moreover has a bellows base which is disposed on the centering appendage, runs substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the bellows, and is formed with a through-opening for the moving contact rod.

Abstract: A vacuum interrupter has a cover base formed with an insertion opening for an axially movable moving contact rod carrying a moving contact. The moving contact rod is routed out of the vacuum interrupter in a vacuum-tight manner by way of a bellows. The bellows has a centering appendage which is formed by a tubular end piece of the bellows that runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bellows and is inserted into the insertion opening. The bellows moreover has a bellows base which is disposed on the centering appendage, runs substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the bellows, and is formed with a through-opening for the moving contact rod.

Abstract: A contact for a vacuum interrupter of a low, medium or high-voltage switchgear includes a contact rod composed of a first electrically conductive material and extending along a longitudinal axis of the contact, and a contact piece composed of a second electrically conductive material and fastened to an end face of the contact rod. The contact rod and the contact piece are materially bonded to one another at a connecting face. At least one of the contact rod or the contact piece has a wall which delimits the connecting face, rises perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis and is disposed such that the contact piece and the contact rod are also force-lockingly connected to one another by a force acting transversely to the longitudinal axis between the contact piece and the contact rod. A production method for such a contact is also provided.

Abstract: A GNSS receiver having test signal based failure detection, comprises: a signal generator configured to generate a test signal, the test signal having characteristics of a GNSS signal; one of more amplifiers configured to amplify the test signal; a signal chain configured to receive the amplified test signal at an input node of the signal chain and process the received test signal; and a signal processor configured to: monitor the test signal by: obtaining one or more output signals of the device at one or more output node; recovering the test signal from the one or more output signals, and determining whether one or more errors occurred based on parameters of the recovered test signal based on parameters of the recovered test signal; identify a device failure based on the determined one or more errors; and generate notifications relating to the device failure.

Abstract: A GNSS receiver having test signal based failure detection, comprises: a signal generator configured to generate a test signal, the test signal having characteristics of a GNSS signal; one of more amplifiers configured to amplify the test signal; a signal chain configured to receive the amplified test signal at an input node of the signal chain and process the received test signal; and a signal processor configured to: monitor the test signal by: obtaining one or more output signals of the device at one or more output node; recovering the test signal from the one or more output signals, and determining whether one or more errors occurred based on parameters of the recovered test signal based on parameters of the recovered test signal; identify a device failure based on the determined one or more errors; and generate notifications relating to the device failure.

Abstract: A radio frequency signal is frequency-translated to form a complex first intermediate signal where a frequency corresponding to a GPS center frequency is at an intermediate frequency. In a multiplexing conversion unit a complex multiplexed conversion signal which assumes different conversion frequencies is derived from a clock signal where the frequency of the latter is divided alternately by one of two divisors in a divider circuit and further by two in a phase shifter. The conversion signal is mixed with the first intermediate signal in a conversion mixer to provide a multiplexed second intermediate signal where, depending in each case on the conversion frequency, a frequency corresponding to a GLONASS center frequency and a frequency corresponding to a BeiDou center frequency are alternately shifted close to the intermediate frequency. The first intermediate signal and the second intermediate signal are then processed in a baseband unit.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an ignition aid, mounted in an outer bulb, wherein the discharge vessel comprises two ends having seals in which electrodes are mounted and wherein a frame having a clip wire retains the discharge vessel in the outer bulb. The clip wire is bent toward the seal of the opposite pole electrode until the bent part formed thereby acts as an ignition aid.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a high-pressure discharge lamp including a starting aid and a longitudinal axis having a ceramic discharge vessel that is housed in an outer bulb, the discharge vessel having two ends having including capillaries with electrodes fastened therein, wherein a frame having a hanger wire holds the discharge vessel in the outer bulb and the hanger wire is configured so that it includes a plate-like starting aid toward the capillary of the opposite-pole electrode, with the plate-like starting aid being configured as a foil or metal sheet and the plate-like starting aid further including a means for purely mechanical fastening to at least the capillary.

Abstract: A radio frequency signal is frequency-translated to form a complex first intermediate signal where a frequency corresponding to a GPS center frequency is at an intermediate frequency. In a multiplexing conversion unit a complex multiplexed conversion signal which assumes different conversion frequencies is derived from a clock signal where the frequency of the latter is divided alternately by one of two divisors in a divider circuit and further by two in a phase shifter. The conversion signal is mixed with the first intermediate signal in a conversion mixer to provide a multiplexed second intermediate signal where, depending in each case on the conversion frequency, a frequency corresponding to a GLONASS center frequency and a frequency corresponding to a BeiDou center frequency are alternately shifted close to the intermediate frequency. The first intermediate signal and the second intermediate signal are then processed in a baseband unit.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp with an ignition aid has a discharge vessel which is mounted in an outer bulb, the discharge vessel comprising two ends having seals in which electrodes are secured, and a frame having a clip wire retaining the discharge vessel in the outer bulb. The clip wire comprises a plate-like part acting as an ignition aid and facing the seal of the opposite pole electrode.

Abstract: A fractional-N PLL synthesizer has an up-down counter counting up for positive edges of a frequency-divided signal produced by a frequency divider with a fractional divide ratio in a feedback path of the synthesizer and down for positive edges of a reference signal. A phase offset between portions of the synthesizer signal before and after a loss-of-lock interval is then assessed as a numerical value proportional to the product of the divide ratio and the cycle difference registered by the up-down counter (36) after the loss-of-lock interval. A correction term derived from the phase offset can be used in a signal processing device as employed, e.g., in a GNSS receiver, for producing, from an analog input signal, a phase-corrected baseband signal where portions of the signal before and after loss of lock are phase coherent.

Abstract: A fractional-N PLL synthesizer has an up-down counter counting up for positive edges of a frequency-divided signal produced by a frequency divider with a fractional divide ratio in a feedback path of the synthesizer and down for positive edges of a reference signal. A phase offset between portions of the synthesizer signal before and after a loss-of-lock interval is then assessed as a numerical value proportional to the product of the divide ratio and the cycle difference registered by the up-down counter (36) after the loss-of-lock interval. A correction term derived from the phase offset can be used in a signal processing device as employed, e.g., in a GNSS receiver, for producing, from an analog input signal, a phase-corrected baseband signal where portions of the signal before and after loss of lock are phase coherent.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the identification of test tubes in a test tube rack having a RFID chip, and including an antenna structure elements for wireless coupling with the RFID chip, such that the location of the RFID chip determines the orientation of the test tube rack and the position of the test tube, and coupling of the RFID chips attached to the test tube racks is independent of the direction of insertion of the test tube rack.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a high-pressure discharge lamp including a starting aid and a longitudinal axis having a ceramic discharge vessel that is housed in an outer bulb, the discharge vessel having two ends having including capillaries with electrodes fastened therein, wherein a frame having a hanger wire holds the discharge vessel in the outer bulb and the hanger wire is configured so that it includes a plate-like starting aid toward the capillary of the opposite-pole electrode, with the plate-like starting aid being configured as a foil or metal sheet and the plate-like starting aid further including a means for purely mechanical fastening to at least the capillary.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices and methods for the identification of test tubes in a test tube rack using RFID technology.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an ignition aid, mounted in an outer bulb, wherein the discharge vessel comprises two ends having seals in which electrodes are mounted and wherein a frame having a clip wire retains the discharge vessel in the outer bulb. The clip wire is bent toward the seal of the opposite pole electrode until the bent part formed thereby acts as an ignition aid.