Abstract: A mat (10) comprises a pile surface fabric (40) and a rubber or rubber-like backing layer (20). The pile surface fabric (40) is connected to and extends to the edges of the backing layer (20). The pile surface fabric (40) is provided with a border portion (22) having on its upper surface (26) a contrasting color and/or texture to the remainder (24) of the pile surface fabric and extending along at least a portion of the edge of said pile surface fabric. The mat (10) can be formed in a single cutting operation by cutting the mat from a roll of mat material (30) comprising a pile surface fabric having elongate areas (32, 34) of contrasting surface color and/or texture bonded to a rubber backing layer. The cuts (36, 38) are made along the elongate areas (32, 34). Since the border (22) is formed in the pile, colours and shapes can be selected to suit customer requirements, while the mat (10) serves to clean footwear over its entire area.

Abstract: In a method for setting the output power of an internal combustion engine a resultant specified torque is determined from a driver-intended torque and at least tw o additional intended torques, and the resultant specified torque is set via a apparatus for adjusting torque. Each participant system, in addition to the intended torque, provides information regarding whether the intended constitutes a torque-increase or a torque-decrease. A processing block is provided for each participant system in which the particular intended torque is compared with the driver-intended torque and the resulting specified torque of the preceding participant system. From this, a resulting specified torque is determined. The priority of the particular torque requirement results from the sequence of the participant systems during processing.

Abstract: A method for performing shifting operations in an automated, mechanical transmission, which is coupled via an automated clutch to an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine. The setpoint engine torque (MDsoll) is essentially predefinable by a gas pedal (10) and/or by a vehicle-speed controller or limiter (17, 18). The setpoint engine torque is varied in response to gear shifting operations through the intervention of an electronic control device, as follows: The area of the electronic control device that is designated for the transmission control is continually supplied with the setpoint engine torque MDsoll1. In response to manually or automatically introduced gear shifting operations, a switch is made to the setpoint engine torque being input by the electronic transmission control, which calculates this setpoint engine torque (GW-MD) as a function of gear-change parameters and/or extracts it from gear-change characteristics maps or curves.

Abstract: A process for preparing aqueous coating agents with adjustable optical effects by mixing at least two storage-stable pre-mixed aqueous modules (units) is described, in whichA) at least one aqueous special effect module containing one or more special effect pigments, one or more anionic and/or non-ionic stabilised water-dilutable binders, one or more organic solvents, at least 20 wt. % of water and optionally conventional lacquer additives, andB) at least one aqueous binder module containing one or more anionic and/or non-ionic stabilised water-dilutable binders, water, and optionally one or more organic solvents, one or more cross-linking agents and/or conventional lacquer additives, are mixed together.

Abstract: The description relates to physically drying water-based coating agents. They contain water, metallic pigments, optional other pigments, neutralizing agents, conventional additives, small proportions of solvents and a binder mixture consisting ofA) 50 to 90 wt. % polyurethanes with carbonate groupings and a number average molecular weight of 70000 to 500000 based on reaction products of polyisocyanates with polyhydroxyl compounds, with a content of polyhydroxy polycarbonates andB) 10 to 50 wt. % of carboxylic acid ester groups containing polyurethanes with a number average molecular weight of 20000 to 100000.They are particularly suitable for manufacturing metallic lacquers for repairs in the motor vehicle sector.

Abstract: A process is described for the multi-layer lacquer coating of a substrate by applying a base lacquer layer of an aqueous coating composition onto the optionally precoated substrate and subsequently overcoating with a clear lacquer, which contains:A) at least one copolymer containing hydroxyl groups which is obtainable by reactinga) one or more esters of aliphatic saturated monocarboxylic acids branched in .alpha.-position with one or more epoxide groups in the alcohol portion withb) one or more alkyl esters of .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids,c) one or more hydroxyalkyl esters of .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids,d) optionally one or more .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids ande) optionally one or more vinyl monomers differing from a), b), c) and d),B) one or more polyisocyanates with an average of at least 1.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of a multicoat lacquer finish by application of a base coat layer of an aqueous coating agent to a substrate and subsequent application of a layer of a clear coat containing an organic solvent, that leads to coatings with excellent hardness and gloss. For this purpose, for the production of the base coat layer an aqueous coating agent is applied that contains, in addition to water, one or more pigments, and optionally one or more organic solvents, neutralizing agents and customary lacquer additives, as binder a combination of:I) 99.5 to 85 wt % of one or more aqueous, physically drying polyurethane binders andII) 0.5 to 15 wt % of one or more polyisocyanates, liquid at room temperature or liquefied by organic solvents, with more than one free isocyanate groupswherein the wt % of components I) and II) both relate to their solids content and add up to 100 wt % and wherein component II) is added to the coating agent shortly before its application.

Abstract: Improved aqueous binder dispersions including polyurethanes and water-based physically drying coating compositions containing these aqueous dispersions which are particularly suitable for plain and metallic colored base coats employed for automotive repair lacquer coatings.

Abstract: The application relates to a binder for water-based coating agents, containing a mixture of a carbonate-containing polyurethane prepared by reacting (A)(i) a polyisocyanate containing no hydrophilic groups, (ii) a high molecular weight organic polyhydroxyl compound containing hydrophilic groups and polyhydroxy carbonates, (iii) a lower molecular weight compound containing at least two isocyanate-reacting groups, and (iv) an ionic compound containing at least one isocyanate-reacting hydrogen atom, with (B)(i) one or more polyurethanes prepared by free radical polymerization of a polyurethane macromonomer, in the presence of (ii) an unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with (i).

Abstract: A binding-agent composition for coating agents which can be cured at low temperature contains:A. 4-72% by weight of an acidic CH-compound, obtained by transesterification of an aliphatic .beta.-ketocarboxylic acid ester with one or several monomers and/or polymers containing hydroxyl groups and which contain at least two hydroxyl groups in the molecule,B. 4-72% by weight of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated compound with at least two groups of the general formulaR.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sub.3 --CO--attached via the residue of a divalent or polyvalent alcohol, a diamine or polyamine or amino alcohol to at least one additional R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sub.3 --CO--group, where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of each other are a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched alkyl residue with 1 to 10 carbon atoms,C. 10-80% by weight of one or several polyamines with, by way of curing agents, at least two amine functions, which can be primary and/or secondary and can be blocked, in the molecule, andD. 0.

Abstract: Previous two-component coatings with enamine components cured very slowly at low temperatures and led to yellowed products. A binder composition is prepared which cures rapidly at low temperatures and leads to non-yellowing products. It contains as CH-acid component a polymer with at least two enamine functions in the molecule, obtained byA) transesterification of a .beta.-keto-ester with hydroxyl-group-containing compounds or polymers which contain at least two hydroxyl groups in the molecule, with an OH value of at least 50 and a number-average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000, followed by reaction with ammonia or primary and/or secondary amines, andB) as .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated component a compound with at least two groups of the general formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sub.3 --X; in which X signifies --CO-- which is bonded via the residue of a di- or polyhydric alcohol, a di- or polyamine or an aminoalcohol to a further R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sub.3 --X group, where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: A binding-agent composition for solvent-based or aqueous coating agents can be cured at low temperature to produce coatings which are non-yellowing and resistant to solvents. The binding-agent composition contains binding-agent components based on polyethers, polyesters, polyether polyesters and/or (meth)acrylic copolymers with, in each case, at least one acryloyl group and at least one epoxide group in the molecule, whereby the acryloyl groups and epoxide groups are present in the ratio 2:8 to 8:2. Also included are several polyamines as curing agents in a proportion of equivalent weights ranging from 2:0.5 to 1:1.5. The binding agents are used in pigmented and pigment-free lacquers, for use particularly in multi-layer lacquering.

Abstract: The description relates to a physically drying water-based coating agent. It contains water, pigments, neutralizing agents, conventional additives, small proportions of solvents and a binder mixture consisting ofA) 10 to 90 wt. % polyurethanes with carbonate groupings and a glass transition temperature of <0.degree. C. based on reaction products of polyisocyanates with polyhydroxyl compounds, with a content of polyhydroxy polycarbonates andB) 90 to 10 wt. % of reaction products of carboxy-functional polycondensates and .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated monomers with a glass transition temperature of >0.degree. C. in the form of an aqueous dispersion.The coating agent is particularly suitable for manufacturing lacquers for repairs in the motor vehicle sector.

Abstract: A pigment dispersion and its use for the preparation of coating compounds are described. The dispersion contains a pigment, solvent and pigment dispersing agent. The pigment dispersing agent is a copolymer containing OH groups, obtainable by the reaction of:(A) 80 to 95% by weight of a copolymer of:(a) 0.5 to 40% by weight of N,N-di-Cl to 4-alkylamino-C.sub.1 to .sub.8 -alkyl(meth)acrylamides and/or a mixture of N,N-di-C to 4-alkylamino-C.sub.1 to 8 -alkyl(meth)acrylates and N-substituted (meth)acrylamides and/or (meth)acrylamide in which the ratio of amino(meth)acrylates to amido(meth)acrylates should be in the range of from 1:2 to 2:1,(b) 10 to 40% by weight of hydroxy-C.sub.2-8 -alkyl (meth)acrylates and(c) 20 to 89.5% by weight of copolymerizable, .alpha., .beta.-olefinically unsaturated compounds with(B) 5 to 20% by weight of a polyisocyanate containing unmasked and optionally also masked isocyanate groups as well as biuret, urethane or isocyanurate groups.