Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols which comprise reacting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a metal-ligand complex catalyst and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols. The substituted and unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for producing substituted or unsubstituted alkenols. The process subjects an alkadiene to reductive hydroformylation to selectively produce at least one substituted or unsubstituted alkenols. The process is particularly useful in producing pentenols from butadiene. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkenols as principal reaction products.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactams, e.g., epsilon caprolactam, which comprise (a) converting one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes, e.g., 6-hydroxyhexanal, optionally in the presence of a catalyst or a catalyst and promoter, to one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyamides, e.g. 6-hydroxycaproamide, and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactam precursors, e.g.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols which comprise reacting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a metal-ligand complex catalyst and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols. The substituted and unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted penten-1-ols to reductive hydroformylation in the presence of a reductive hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols. The substituted and unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactone. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols, e.g., 1,6-hexanediol, which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes to hydrocarbonylation in the presence of a hydrocarbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols. The substituted and unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactone. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted saturated alcohols which comprise reacting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a metal-ligand complex catalyst and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted saturated alcohols. The substituted and unsubstituted saturated alcohols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted saturated alcohols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactams, e.g., epsilon caprolactam, which comprises: (a) subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes to hydroxycarbonylation in the presence of a hydroxycarbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and neutralization with a base to produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenoic acid salts; (b) subjecting said one or more substituted or unsubstituted pentenoic acid salts to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising (a) epsilon caprolactam and (b) one or more of 5-?4,5-di(3-carboxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!pentanoic acid or salt or amide, 4-?4,5-di(2-carboxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!-2-methylbutanoic acid or salt or amide, 2-?2-(2-carboxybutyl)-5-(1-carboxypropyl)-4-pyridyl!butanoic acid or salt or amide, 5-?3,5-di(3-carboxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!pentanoic acid or salt or amide, 4-?3,5-di(2-carboxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!-2-methylbutanoic acid or salt or amide, 2-?-2-(2-carboxybutyl)-5-(1-carboxypropyl)-3-pyridyl!butanoic acid or salt or amide, 5-amino-4-methylpentanamide, 4-amino-3-ethylbutanamide, 5-?4,5-di(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-pyridyl!pentanol, 4-?4,5-di(2-methoxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!-2-methylbutanol, 2-?2-(2-methoxybutyl)-5-(1-methoxypropyl)-4-pyridyl!butanol, 5-?3,5-di(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-pyridyl!pentanol, 4-?3,5-di(2-methoxypropyl)-2-pyridyl!-2-methylbutanol, 2-?2-(2-methoxybutyl)-5-(1-methoxypropyl)-3-pyridyl!butanol, 5-amino-4-methyl-1-pentanol, 5-imino-2-methyl-1-pentanamine, 5-amino-2-methyl-1-p

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acids or salts, e.g., 5-formylvaleric acid or salt, which comprises subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes, e.g., butadiene, to hydroxycarbonylation in the presence of a hydroxycarbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and optionally neutralization with a base to produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated acids or salts, e.g., pentenoic acid or salt, and subjecting said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated acids or salts to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acids or salts and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactam precursors.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts, e.g., epsilon caprolactam, which comprises subjecting said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated acid salts, e.g., pentenoic acid salts, to hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted epsilon caprolactam precursors. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde acid salts as the principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from a reaction product fluid containing said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds, a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst and optionally free organophosphorus ligand which process comprises treating said reaction product fluid with an aqueous buffer solution sufficient to neutralize and remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said reaction product fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes, e.g., 6-hydroxyhexanals, which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes, e.g., butadiene, to reductive hydroformylation in the presence of a reductive hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes. The substituted and unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactone. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes, e.g., 6-hydroxyhexanals, which comprise subjecting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes, e.g., butadiene, to hydrocarbonylation in the presence of a hydrocarbonylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, and hydroformylation in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g., a metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst, to produce one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes. The substituted and unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactone. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyaldehydes as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from a hydroformylation reaction product fluid containing said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds, a metal-organophosphite ligand complex catalyst and optionally free organophosphite ligand which process comprises treating said hydroformylation reaction product fluid with an aqueous buffer solution sufficient to neutralize and remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said hydroformylation reaction product fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for separating one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from a reaction product fluid containing said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds, a metal-organophosphite ligand complex catalyst and optionally free organophosphite ligand which process comprises treating said reaction product fluid with an aqueous buffer solution sufficient to neutralize and remove at least some amount of said one or more phosphorus acidic compounds from said reaction product fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process which comprises reacting one or more reactants in the presence of a metal-organophosphite ligand complex catalyst and dissolved water and optionally free organophosphite ligand to produce a reaction product fluid comprising one or more products, wherein said process is conducted in the presence of carbon dioxide in an amount sufficient not to effect substantial degradation of any said organophosphite ligand and/or substantial deactivation of said metal-organophosphite ligand complex catalyst.