Abstract: Provided is a method of producing activated carbon from a resin composite made up of furanic polymer. The method includes producing a resin composite from feedstock (e.g., in the presence of an acid and a salt), combining the resin composite with a base to form an impregnated material, and carbonizing the impregnated material to produce the and salt activated carbon. Provided herein are also resin composites and activated carbon materials.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing activated carbon from a resin composite made up of furanic polymer. The method includes producing a resin composite from feedstock (e.g., in the presence of an acid and a salt), combining the resin composite with a base to form an impregnated material, and carbonizing the impregnated material to produce the activated carbon. Provided herein are also resin composites and activated carbon materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous-feed furnace assembly and processes for preparing and continuously thermally exfoliating graphite oxide to give a highly exfoliated graphite.

Abstract: A battery electrolyte solution contains from 0.01 to 80% by weight of an aromatic phosphorus compound. The aromatic phosphorus compound provides increased thermal stability for the electrolyte, helping to reduce thermal degradation, thermal runaway reactions and the possibility of burning. The aromatic phosphorus compound has little adverse impact on the electrical properties of the battery, and in some cases actually improves battery performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a graphite oxide while purging chlorine dioxide. The invention process employs starting materials comprising a sulfuric acid, a nitric acid, a chlorate salt, and a graphite and further employs an inert purge gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a graphite oxide while purging chlorine dioxide. The invention process employs starting materials comprising a sulfuric acid, a nitric acid, a chlorate salt, and a graphite and further employs an inert purge gas.

Abstract: A battery electrolyte solution contains from 0.01 to 80% by weight of an aromatic phosphorus compound. The aromatic phosphorus compound provides increased thermal stability for the electrolyte, helping to reduce thermal degradation, thermal runaway reactions and the possibility of burning. The aromatic phosphorus compound has little adverse impact on the electrical properties of the battery, and in some cases actually improves battery performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous-feed furnace assembly and processes for preparing and continuously thermally exfoliating graphite oxide to give a highly exfoliated graphite.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of asymmetrical alkaline earth metal organoborates and organoaluminates represented by the formula I: ##STR1## and asymmetrical alkaline earth metal organoarsenates and organophosphates represented by the formula II: ##STR2## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of boron and aluminum; X is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and arsenic; M is an alkaline earth metal; and in which R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are independently selected from alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, and cyano with the proviso that R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are not all the same.

Abstract: Alkaline earth metal anode cells having an intercalation cathode, a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte comprising (a) an organic solvent, for instance, an ether, an ester, a sulfone, an organic sulfide, an organic sulfate, a tertiary amine, an organic nitrite, and an organic nitrate, and (b) at least one of an electrolytically active alkaline earth metal salt comprising an organometallic alkaline earth metal salt represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of boron and aluminum; X is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and arsenic; M is an alkaline earth metal; and in which R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are radicals independently selected from the following groups: alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, allyl, heterocyclic alkyl, and cyano, with the proviso that R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 cannot be all alkyl or all aryl and triarylalkylborate or aluminate anions, and trialkylarylborate or aluminate anions are excluded and M represents an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Included is an invention, which in one aspect, is a process for preparing a product of an alkaline earth metal compound having at least one BVB-heteromoeity and by-product of an alkali metal substance comprising operating an electrochemical cell, said cell having(1) a sacrificial alkaline earth metal anode,(2) a liquid electrolyte, which contains a solvent that is generally inert and a solute that has at least a residual alkali metal moiety and an incorporatable BVB-heteromoiety therein, and(3) an alkali metal substance segregative cathode, under conditions whereby said product and by-product are prepared. Provided, among other products, are alkaline earth metal organoborates. For example, magnesium triethylpyrrolylborate can be prepared by employing a magnesium anode, a solution of lithium triethylpyrrolylborate in tetrahydrofuran and a cupric oxide and carbon containing cathode. Intercalating cathodes can provide electrical current output.

Abstract: Included is a process for electrodepositing a high purity metallic containing alkaline earth metal on a conductive substrate comprising operating an electrochemical cell having(1) an anode selected from the group consisting of a passive anode and a sacrificial alkaline earth metal containing anode;(2) an electrolyte containing an aprotic solvent and a solute of a minor amount of residual halogen containing synergist and a major amount of residual alkaline earth metal, and(3) a cathode, which contains the conductive substrate,under conditions whereby said electrodepositing occurs. For example, a most pure crystalline magnesium deposit can be prepared with tetrahydrofuran, aluminum trichloride and ethylmagnesium chloride, employing either an inert carbon, or a sacrificial magnesium containing, anode.

Abstract: Substituted amino aromatic compounds such as 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid are prepared by electrolytically reducing the corresponding nitro aromatic compound in a basic medium at temperatures below 60.degree. C. and current densities greater than 50 milliamps per square centimeter. The aminohydroxybenzoic acids are useful in the preparation of polybenzoxazoles which are used to make fibers and composites having high strength and thermal stability.

Abstract: An anionically conductive polymer electrolyte, solid at ambient temperature, containing a salt of the formula:(R).sub.3 CMX.sub.n,wherein M is selected from the group consisting of at least one of boron, phosphorus, antimony, and arsenic, wherein X is halogen, n is 4 or 6, and R is aryl of 6-18 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, or alkaryl of 7-26 carbon atoms. The polymer is derived from at least one monomer having at least one heteroatom in the monomer unit selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. The electrolyte can be prepared by mixing the polymer and the salt together in the presence of a diluent or solvent and removing the diluent or solvent or by polymerizing a salt and monomer mixture utilizing a metal or a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: An anionically conductive polymer electrolyte, solid at ambient temperature, containing a salt of the formula:(R).sub.3 CMX.sub.n,wherein M is selected from the group consisting of at least one of boron, phosphorus, antimony, and arsenic, wherein X is halogen, n is 4 or 6, and R is aryl of 6-18 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, or alkaryl of 7-26 carbon atoms. The polymer is derived from at least one monomer having at least one heteroatom in the monomer unit selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. The electrolyte can be prepared by mixing the polymer and the salt together in the presence of a diluent or solvent and removing the diluent or solvent or by polymerizing a salt and monomer mixture utilizing a metal or a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: An electric current producing primary electrochemical cell and a process for producing electric current at an ambient temperature of about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. in a primary electrochemical cell using a polymer electrolyte which is a solid at a temperature of about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.